A financial Case Study of Sovereign Lodge

The Sovereign Lodge is an old, but good maintained belongings that has changed ownership several times over the old ages. It has no eating house or saloon. It is positioned as a mid-price, good quality â€Å" finish † resort Lodge. The Sovereign Lodge is unfastened during the skiing season. It opens on December 2 and closes the last twenty-four hours of March. The ski mountain it serves operates on a license from the province which allows merely 120 yearss of operation per twelvemonth. Each of the 50 suites in the east wing rents for $ 15 for individual tenancy or $ 20 for dual tenancy. The west wing of the Lodge has 30 suites, all of which have dramatic positions of the skiing inclines, the mountains, and the small town. Board in this wing rent for $ 20 and $ 25 for individual or dual tenancy, severally. The mean tenancy rate during the season is approximately 80 % ( typically, the Lodge is full on weekends and norms 50 to 60 suites occupied on hebdomad darks. ) The ratio of individual versus dual tenancy is 2:8, on norm. Operating consequences for the last financial twelvemonth are shown in Exhibit 1. Mr. Kacheck, the director of the Lodge, is concerned about the off-season months, which show losingss each month and cut down the high net incomes reported during the season. He has suggested to the proprietors, who acquired the Lodge merely at the terminal of the 2006 season, that to cut down the off-season losingss, they should hold to maintain the west wing of the Lodge runing year-round. He estimates the mean tenancy rate for the off-season to be between 20 % and 40 % for the following few old ages. Kacheck estimations that with careful attending to the off-season patronage a 40 % tenancy rate for the 30 suites during the off-season would be much more likely if the proprietors would perpetrate $ 4,000 for advertisement each twelvemonth ( $ 500 for each of 8 months ) . There is no grounds to bespeak that the 2:8 ratio of individual vs. doubles would be different during the balance of the twelvemonth or in the hereafter. Ratess, nevertheless, would hold to be drastically reduced. Present programs are to cut down them to $ 10 and $ 15 for singles and doubles. The director ‘s wage is paid over 12 months. He acts as a caretaker of the installations during the off season and besides contracts most of the fix and care work during that clip. Using the west wing would non interfere with this work, but would do an estimated extra $ 2,000 per twelvemonth for fix and care. Mrs. Kacheck is paid $ 20 a twenty-four hours for oversing the amahs and assisting with check-in. During the season, she works 7 yearss a hebdomad. The regular desk clerk and each amah are paid on a day-to-day footing at the rate of $ 24 and $ 15 severally. The paysheet revenue enhancements and other periphery benefits are about 20 % of the paysheet. Although depreciation and belongings revenue enhancements would non be affected by the determination to maintain the West flying unfastened, insurance would increase by $ 500 for the twelvemonth. During the off-season, it is estimated that Mr. and Mrs. Kacheck could manage the forepart desk without an extra individual. Mrs. Kacheck would, nevertheless, be paid for 5 yearss a hebdomad. The cleansing supplies and half of the assorted disbursals ( room supplies ) are considered a direct map of the figure of suites occupied. The other half of the assorted disbursals are fixed and would non alter with 12 month operation. Linen is rented from a supply house and the cost besides depends on the figure of suites occupied, but is twice every bit much, on norm, for dual tenancy as for individual tenancy. The public-service corporations include two points: telephone and electricity. There is no electricity disbursal with the Lodge closed. With the Lodge operating, electricity disbursal is a map of the figure of suites available to the populace. Rooms must either be heated or air-conditioned. The telephone measures for each of the four seasonal months were as follows: 80 Telephones @ $ 3.00/month $ 240 Telephone Basic Service Charge 50 $ 290 During the off-season, merely the basic service charge is paid. The monthly charge of $ 3 is applicable merely to active telephones. An extra facet of Mr. Kacheck ‘s proposal is that a covered and het swimming pool be added to the Lodge. Mr.Kacheck believes that this would increase the chance that the off-season tenancy rate would be above 30 % . Precise estimations are impossible. It is felt that although the winter tenancy rate will non be greatly affected by adding an indoor pool, finally such a pool will hold to be built to remain even with the competition. The cost of such a pool is estimated to be $ 40,000. This sum could be depreciated over 5 old ages with no salvage value ( $ 15,000 of the $ 40,000 is for a plastic bubble and the heating units, which would be used nine months of the twelvemonth ) . The lone other costs associated with the swimming pool are $ 400 per month for a lifesaver, required by jurisprudence during the busy hours, extra insurance and revenue enhancements, estimated to be $ 1,200 ; heating cost of $ 1,000 ; and a annual care cost of $ 1,800. If the pool were covered, a guard wou ld be needed for 12 months. If it is non covered, a guard would be needed merely for 3 summer months ( from 15 June to 15 September, the warmest period of the twelvemonth ) , and there would be no warming disbursal.Exhibit 1 Sovereign LodgeOperating Statement, For the Fiscal Year ended 3/31/09 Grosss $ 160,800 Expenses Wages Manager $ 15,000 Manager ‘s Wife 2,400 Desk Clerk 2,880 Maids ( four ) 7,200 $ 27,480 Payroll Taxes and Fringe Benefits 5,496 Depreciation ( 15 twelvemonth life ) 30,000 Property Taxs 4,000 Insurance 3,000 Repairs and Maintenance 17,204 Cleaning Supplies 1,920 Utilities 6,360 Linen Service 13.920 Interest on Mortgage ( 5 % involvement rate ) 21,716 Assorted Expenses 7,314 Entire Expenses 138,410 Net income before Federal Income Taxes $ 22,390 Federal Income Taxes ( 48 % ) 10,747 Net Profit $ 11,643 The six options are Opening in the summer, A with and without advertisement, for each of no pool, pool without bubble, pool with bubble.The Options are:Stay unfastened, no advertizement, and no pool. Stay unfastened, advertisement, no pool. Stay unfastened, no advertizement, and pool merely. Stay unfastened, advertisement, and pool merely. Stay unfastened, no advertizement, pool and bubble. Stay unfastened, advertisement, pool and bubble. A matrix demoing incremental fixed costs for each of the six options and classs of cost covering, fixs, insurance, Mrs. K, advertisement, the pool, the bubble, pool disbursals ( rather a few classs here ) , telephone, electricity, and amahs ( if you think necessary ) . Each figure in this matrix should be carefully explained as if to a non-finance individual.Fixed costs for the off season which is besides known as Incremental fixed cost:Manager ‘s married woman: she is paid merely 5 yearss a hebdomad hence, figure of yearss for which she is paidEntire yearss in the 8 month period = ( 365-120 ) = 245 yearss Therefore, figure of hebdomads in that period 245/7 = 35 hebdomads 35 ten 5 yearss = 175 yearss ( Mrs. Kacheck is paid merely for 5 yearss a hebdomad ) 175 ten $ 20 = $ 3500 ( sum spent on Mrs. Kacheck ‘s wage )Maid ‘s wageAt least one amah is considered in the off extremum season and the options in which advertisement is done 2 amahs are taken.Maid is paid $ 15 per twenty-four hours and for 245 yearss during the off extremum season 15 ten 245 = $ 3675 per amah Sing 1 amah for 8 months consequences in the $ 3675 While for 2 amahs, 2 x $ 3675 = $ 7350Repair and care$ 2000 for 8 months ( mentioned in the instance survey ) Additional $ 1800 for the options in which pool is considered.Utilities: ( Telephone + Electricity )Utilities expense = telephone + electricity + warming ( in alternate 5 and 6 merely ) The telephone and the electricity is the direct map of figure of suites available to the populace it is considered for 30 suites. Telephone for 1 month 290 Therefore telephone for 4 months = 290 * 4 = 1160 + 400 ( basic service charge for 8 months when all the line were closed assuming that the Lodge was closed for 8 months ) = $ 1560 Expenses on telephone for 8 months presuming that the 30 suites are available to the public = 30 x 3 = 90 + 50 ( basic service charge for east wing which is closed ) = $ 140 per month Therefore, for 8 months = 140 ten 8 = $ 1120Electricity:Hence by here we can cipher the electricity disbursal i.e. = 6360 – 1560 = $ 4800 Electricity disbursal for 80 suites for 120 yearss = 4800 Therefore electricity disbursal of per room per twenty-four hours = 4800 / ( 80*120 ) =0.5 per room per twenty-four hours Therefore for 30 suites for 245 yearss = 0.5 ten 30 ten 245 = $ 3675 And heating disbursal will be $ 1000 ( wherever pool and bubble is included i.e. in alternate 5 and 6 ) Then calculate the incremental part ( in $ ) per occupied room/day during the off-season?Incremental Contribution = Revenue – Variable disbursalStay unfastened, no advertizement, and no pool.Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =20580-3524 = 17056 17056 = 2842.66 per room 6 Suites 2842.66 = 11.60 part border per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =41,160 – 7,291 =33869 33869 = 2822.41 per room 12 Suites 2822.41 = 11.52 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =30870 – 5529 = 25341 Contribution Margin 25341 = 2815.66 per room 9 Suites 2815.66 = 11.49 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Variable Expenses =41,160 – 7,291 = 33,869 Contribution Margin 33869 = 2822.41 per room 12 Suites 2822.41 = 11.52 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =30,870 – 5,529 = 25,341 Contribution Margin 25341 = 2815.67 per room 9 Suites 2815.67 = 11.49 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Incremental Contribution Margin: Entire Revenue – Entire Variable Expenses =41,160 – 7,291 = 33,869 Contribution Margin 33869 = 2822.41 per room 12 Suites 2822.41 = 11.52 Contribution Margin per room per twenty-four hours 245 yearss Note: All the computations are for ciphering the gross is done sing the ratio of 2:8 for individual: dual as mentioned in the instance survey.Incremental Variable disbursals –Linen services:For disbursals of 4 months = 13920 ( given in the instance survey ) With regard to 80 % of 80 suites presuming the ratio of Single: dual as 2:8 Therefore linen supplies = 13920/ ( 13 individual suites x 1 + 51double suites x 2 ) = 13920/115 = 121.05 for 4 monthsTherefore linen disbursal for 1 twenty-four hours 121.05 / 120 = 1.01Therefore in 245 yearss we have 6 suites occupied in the ratio of 2:8 as individual: dual ( 4 double suites cost $ 8 and 2 individual suites cost $ 2 per twenty-four hours giving a sum of $ 10 per twenty-four hours for the linen services ) 245 x 10 = $ 2450 Similarly when the tenancy rate is dual i.e. 40 % at that clip the figure of suites alterations from 6 to 12 and sing 3 singles and 9 dual suites the linen comes $ 5145Cleaning suppliesExpenses on cleaning supplies in 4 months = 1920 No. of suites occupied in that period = 80 % of 80 = 64 suitesTherefore, cleaning supplies per room per twenty-four hours = ( 1920 ) / ( 64*120 ) = $ 0.25Hence, for 6 suites for 245 yearss = 0.25 ten 6 ten 245 = $ 368 Similarly, when the figure of suites taken is 9 for the instance of 30 % and for 12 for 40 % tenancy. Hence, for 9 suites for 245 yearss = 0.25 ten 9 ten 245 = $ 551 Hence, for 12 suites for 245 yearss = 0.25 ten 12 ten 245 = $ 735Assorted disbursal50 % of 7314 is variable i.e. 3657 for 120 yearss sing 64 suites Therefore misc. disbursal per room per twenty-four hours = 3657/ ( 64 x 120 ) = 0.48 per room per twenty-four hours Hence for 6 suites for 245 yearss = 0.48 ten 6 ten 245 = $ 706 Similarly when the tenancy rate is 30 % the figure of suites taken is 9 and when it is 40 % the figure of suites taken is 12. Hence for 6 suites for 245 yearss = 0.48 ten 9 ten 245 = $ 1058 Hence for 6 suites for 245 yearss = 0.48 ten 12 ten 245 = $ 1411 By spliting each of the six incremental fixed costs by the incremental part per unit, and comparing this figure with the figure of room/days available outside of the skiing season, you should deduce interrupt even tenancy per centums in the scope 18 % – 44 % . For each determination alternate calculate the tenancy rate necessary to interrupt even on the incremental one-year disbursals.Break even volume = Incremental fixed cost / part border per unit ( room )Stay unfastened, no advertizement, and no pool.Break Even Volume: = 14470 2842.66 =5.09Stay unfastened, advertisement, no pool.Break Even Volume: = 22145 2822.41 =7.84Stay unfastened, no advertizement, and pool merely.Break Even Volume: = 27270 2815.66 = 9.68Stay unfastened, advertisement, and pool merely.Break Even Volume: = 34945 2822.41 = 12.38Stay unfastened, no advertizement, pool and bubble.Break Even Volume: = 31270 2815.67 = 11.10Stay unfastened, advertisement, pool and bubble.Break Even Volume: = 38945 2822.41 = 13.79 The tenancy per centum comes out to be about equal to 40 % sing all the options i.e. remain unfastened, advertisement, pool and bubble. The figure of suites required to be filled is about equal to 12 out of 30. By comparing these breakeven figures with Mr Kachek ‘s outlooks ( as indicated in the text ) you should pull decisions about which of the options is the best. The recommend option on the footing of breakeven computations: Ans. The best option should be the first one i.e. merely to remain open because merely 5.5 % more tenancy is needed to run into the interruption even status which is rather less every bit compared to the other values. This determination option can besides be considered because of the gross. Mr. Kacheck besides thinks that if the advertisement is done so the tenancy per centum will be at least 40 % and by comparing the per centum of the part border to the incremental fixed cost gives the Break even volume which is good for the first option. Alternate 1: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 5.09 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 20 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 14.01 % Alternate 2: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 7.8 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 40 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 42.2 % Alternate 3: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 9.68 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 30 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 21.4 % Alternate 4: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 12.4 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 40 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 27.6 % Alternate 5: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 11.10 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 30 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 19.9 % Alternate 6: The breakeven volume the rate of per centum which is required to be increased in the tenancy comes to be 13.8 % . All the computations are done sing the tenancy rate as 40 % in that determination option. To run into a status where entire gross is equal to the entire disbursal the most favourable rate of tenancy for this instance should be 26.2 % 7A Using the original net income statement for the skiing season, and the best option for the non skiing season you should deduce an overall annualA net income figure for Sovereign Lodge. After analysing the income statement of the extremum season i.e. skiing season along with all the six options, the 2nd option is the best 1 in which the Lodge stay opens along with the advertizement. Note: In this option the net net income comes to be highest which is the ground to choose this option in order to transport frontward the Lodge to remain unfastened for the remainder of the off extremum season. 8 You should compose a decision which incorporates your remarks in Note 5, and your sentiment from Note 6, and any other positions about the hereafter of this Lodge in order to do a concluding recommendation to the owners.A This decision should be at least half a page long. Ans. The fiscal statements say that 2nd option in which the Lodge is to remain unfastened with the advertizement but no pool is the best option because the net net income for that option is the highest and to be more profitable is the best thing. As Mr. Kacheck ‘s outlook if the advertisement is done maintaining the Lodge unfastened, the false per centum is 40 which enables the overall gross for the twelvemonth to be the highest. The net net income for this determination option is highest amongst all i.e. $ 16819. Because there are no extra disbursals the overall gross is high and there are more net income borders. Mr. Kacheck expects that the net income border will be higher for the options in which the advertisement is done. Initially the basic status is to maintain the Lodge unfastened during the off extremum season and in that period if no extra disbursal is done so the net net income comes to be the higher as in the 2nd option. Ad can better the tenancy per centum as more people will come to cognize about the Lodge. The advertisement money can be utilized in to the web site of the Lodge so that people can happen out the information about the Lodge online.

Physical Preparedness Of Columbus Police Essay

Describe in one page or less how you would select the Columbus Police patrol officers to be surveyed. The Research Project: Physical Preparedness of Columbus Police Officers in Citizen Encounters Involving Force. Target Panel: Respondents of this research should have the following qualifications: Must be between the age of   21 – 35 Must have 6 or more months field experience as a Patrol officer of Columbus Must be active in the police force Must be a resident of Columbus Must at least have one physical encounter with a citizen Sample Size: 1000 police patrol officers Methodology: This research will employ a qualitative and quantitative research wherein a representative sample of the target audience will be randomly selected to create a target panel. Through qualitative research by using an open-ended questionnaire, spontaneous or not pre-determined responses are solicited through a free willing method. Meanwhile, the answers from the qualitative research will be further dealt with in the quantitative research using a closed-ended questionnaire that will provide figures or raw data. Through these two types of research, the researcher will determine the cause of the lack of preparation of police officers during encounters with civilians. Construct a brief 5-item unstructured, open-ended questionnaire that will determine the patrol officers’ views as to how well they are prepared for physical encounters with citizens where lethal force is not an issue.    Open-ended questionnaire for Focus Group Discussion What are the risks involved in being a police officer in Columbus? If physical encounter with citizens is not cited, ask about the probability of experiencing physical encounters with citizens while on duty. What kind of trainings did you receive before you engaged in police field operations or patrol duty? Were these trainings able to help you prepare for physical encounters with citizens? Why? If not, why? As a police officer, what do you think are the factors that provoke physical encounters with citizens? Enumerate tactics or methods on how to conduct proper management of physical encounters with citizens? Explain each tactic/method. What are the causes of mismanagement of physical encounters with citizens? How should these be prevented? Construct an 8-item structured questionnaire using closed-end questions that involve multiple response choices that addresses the same issue in Question #2. Closed-ended questionnaire for Survey Questions Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 1. Is your job as a patrol officer worth all the risks?                2. Do you think that force is needed in enforcing the law?                3. Are you willing to employ force when you are threatened by a civilian?                4. Do civilians usually provoke physical encounters with law enforcers?                5. Do you think that the use of force is effective in promoting compliance?                6. Do you think that there is a need to have a good physical and quick-thinking build to better handle physical encounters?                7. Do you think that by having police weapons and gadgets will help you do your job better in enforcing the law?                8. Are you prepared physically, emotionally and psychologically to engage in a physical encounter with a civilian?               

Marxism vs Functionalism

As a sociological discipline, functionalism is counterposed to Marxism. However it shares with Marxism the importance of ‘totality’ and the corresponding view that scientific inquiry is based upon the interdependence of parts within a whole. It is important to distinguish why the Marxian use of the totality differs significantly from functionalist systems. Primarily this involves the Marxian emphasis on the contradictory character of the whole and the treatment of the social totality from the perspective of its conflicts.Functionalism in contrast views society generally as a stable system and looks for the mechanisms that give it harmony – it thus seeks to reduce conflict to a residual element of the system, or view conflict from the perspective of its maintenance of the social system. Marxism was founded by Karl Marx. Marx saw society as divided into two major parts, the economic base otherwise known as the infrastructure and the super-structure. Functionalists s ee society as a set of parts which work together to form a whole. Functionalism is also called a consensus theory.Marxism and functionalism are similar in that they see that the way society is structured as an important part in determining the way people have relationships and behave between themselves. This is known as structural perspective. Both functionalists and Marxists believe that people are portrayed as creature within the social system. Functionalists believe that society operates to the benefit of everybody. They stress that societies continue to exist because a lot of the time there is consensus between various aspects.

Finaince for mangers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Finaince for mangers - Essay Example They are considerably relevant and helpful to properly and fully assess the divisional financial and economic performance. After the critical evaluation, the relevant improvements are recommended accordingly. Quality Products Division The quality products division deals in furniture items made by hand and the raw natural materials are made part of it. Due to its quality products, this division has significantly contributed into the exports, especially in the Middle East. However, to critically understand the actual financial position of this division, the financial position and the audit comments are taken into account. Financial position 2007 2008 2009 Gearing (TL/TL+SC) 100% 53.98% 52.65% 52.32% Return on investment [PBIT / (TA – L)] x100% (Loss) 16.24% 18.96% Gross profit (gross profit/turnover) 100% 38.89% 40.43% 41.36% Profit before interest (profit before interest/turnover) 100% (loss) 5.70% 6.37% Profit after interest (PAI/Turnover)100% (Loss) 1.97% 3.34% Overseas Turno ver (overseas turnover/turnover) 100% 53.79% 44.51% 36.59% These are fundamental indicators of financial position of any corporate entity. ... Gross profit and profit before interest, profit after interest figures are slightly improving and on yearly basis, they provide 2 to 3% growth in these figures. With so much potential in the markets, local and foreign markets, this division’s gross profit and profit before tax are not increasing as they should be. In addition, this division has been more stable and in demand in the markets of Middle East, however, its recent decreasing overseas turnover highlights some of worrying signs for this division. This is negatively affecting the gross profit and profit before tax figures as well. Additionally, there are no positive audit comments for this division; the audit management letter clearly highlights that some quality control problems with a new range of adjustable chairs for senior citizens. As this industry considerably depends on the quality, such kind of quality control problems may reduce the number of customers. Additionally, the audit management letter points out tha t in every month 20 boxes of flat-packed chairs and desks are disappearing from the one of the division’s outlets. Improvements Profits can be improved by entering into the contract segment of the industry. This segment accounts for 29% of the entire furniture industry. For achieving that aim, the division is required to more concentrate on quality issues which are recently highlighted in the audit management letter. In addition, the disappearance of chairs and desks must be reduced by introducing some physical controls such as only authorized persons should be allowed to enter into the internal parts of the outlets and each incoming and outgoing shipment of desks

Profile and Analyse the Changing Spectrum of Economic Crime Essay

Profile and Analyse the Changing Spectrum of Economic Crime - Essay Example Ideally with the appropriate research we would also try to lay specific emphasis on profiling all the criminal activity that took place in the incident and how it fundamentally affected the economic culture surrounding it. Profile and Analyze the Changing Spectrum of Economic Crime As fundamentally stated in The New York times Asia pacific section â€Å"The catchall term â€Å"economic crimes† is frequently used as a legal cover by police officers who wish to detain or imprison someone whom Communist Party officials consider a political threat. Such crimes can include prosaic failures to properly comply with regulations on business registration or taxation.† (The New York times Chinese Defend Detention†¦.). These kinds of specific situation have recently been on frequent terms observed in the economic culture of China and as such are a cause of great concern for the economic Asian giant. To be technically precise China is the most powerful economic strength in the world today but even so economic crimes of any measure are the first step towards the collapse of a country’s financial assets. ... With the introduction of newer technology the spectrum of economic crimes is changing. People and organizations are involved in newer kinds of crime every day and types of crime that fall under the category of economic crime are increasing day by day. They are able to find loopholes in the law and able to exploit these loopholes to their advantage. With faster communication economic crime has become more organized. Unlike the blatant act of crime committed by the Georgian legislators nowadays people are committing economic crime that can be concealed and the law authorities often take years to uncover a crime that was committed long ago, long after the thief may have died. Some people like Jonathan James do it for fun and take the breaching of someone else’s computer system as a challenge. Others like Charles Ponzi do it for personal gain. Some people like Pablo Escobar made it their business and their crimes were well organized. Whilst internet has helped mankind in many ways it has made the committing of economic crime very easy for people. With so much information available on the internet such as people’s social security numbers, credit card details and bank details chances are that sensitive information may fall into the wrong hands and that information may be used for someone’s own personal gain. Economic crime is here to stay. With more technology, faster communication and more knowledge available to criminals they are able to commit more and more of these crimes, cause more and more loss to the public and economy (65 billion Ponzi scam that affected as many as 1300 investors) and elude capture from the authorities. There is also some very active political situation regarding such an issue stated earlier with reference to the New York

United States History, Reagan Revolution through President Obama Essay

United States History, Reagan Revolution through President Obama - Essay Example This took place in the last period of 19th century and continued in the first decade of 21st century. During the Reagan, administration the most significant turning point was the policy saw the economic boom during his period and revival of America military strength. In administration after Reagan, there have been changes in foreign policy. In foreign policy, the administration has focused on terrorism (Schachter, 2012). This paper seeks to discuss events that were influential during Reagan Revolution through President Obama and the impact they have had on America society. From the time of Reagan revolution through president Obama administration, there have been outstanding historical turning points that revolutionized and transformed America. In time of Reagan, administration there was massive economic revival through tax reforms and a powerful arm race never seen in America history. Moreover, there was a reduction in money to the welfare programs and other forms of aids. The other historic turning points were a change in foreign policy that focused on war especially the gulf war propagated by the Bush administration, and war on terrorism. Moreover, this period saw heightened fight against terrorism. This happened especially after 1993 attack and 9/11 attack. This will remain forever in America history. ... These reforms included cut in federal personal income tax, deregulation policy, and comprehensive tax reforms. As a result, there was control on both banks and oil industries. Moreover, he lifted the ceiling on interest rates, and federal price control on airfares. The deregulation resulted in increased bank rate competition. Natural oil price rose as well as the production and this led to reduced reliance on foreign fuel. Airfare was also reduced drastically, but fares for short distances rose. Consequently, at the time of exit from office the America economy was at the highest peak for a long period after World War II. The rate of unemployment also reduced significantly. The economy growth was also first, and less inflation was experienced since the mid 1960’s (Digital History, n.d). In addition, Reagan administration reduced funding to social programs. He considered these programs to be promoting laziness, promiscuity, moral decadency and other forms of social ills. In cont rast, this led to upsurge in various social ills in society. There was increased rate of drug use than witnessed in United States history. Moreover, during this period there was increased number of diseases especially the Aids pandemic that killed many people in the world. His administration was incompetent in handling AIDS epidemic. In terms of arm race, there was double military spending during Regan administration. This was to reduce the threat posed by communism during the Cold War period. As a result, the influence of Russia was curtailed, and this led to the fall of communism. This led to America becoming a world superpower as it is today. (â€Å"How great was Ronald Reagan?† n.d). Reagan left the America stronger, more prosperous, and more confident than he found it. The fight

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a performance driven Essay

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a performance driven strategy - Essay Example Also, there are some firms which will be performing poorly, in a conglomerate these firms are stressed upon and the management makes them do better. There are three approaches to this strategy: the BTR approach, the Hanson approach and the Minorco approach. We will continue on with the Hanson approach. The Hanson growth strategy has eight categories on the basis of which it operates. It has been initiated by James Hanson, who has proved that by following these eight principles an organization can be successful. These eight principles are: The Hanson approach concentrates on the growth of the whole organization, not just one company within the organization. The idea is to generate more profitability than other competitive businesses, have excess cash which can be invested back to acquire more new firms and to pay corporate dividends. In today’s world with so much competition every organization is trying to find performance driven advantages which will help it achieve a competitive edge in the market. A linkage between the business practices and IT will enable firms in achieving this edge. A business should understand three major points: who are the most satisfied customers? Which corporate investments will and are yielding the highest returns? And which business units have an above average performance? Once the answers to these questions have been determined, the strategy can be applied effectively and will yield even better results. The private sector has readily adopted this principle while the public sector has been hesitant, but is slowly adopting the approach. For the HR, improving performance through pay and motivation techniques is advantageous. According to the Hanson approach, employ managers who are motivated and productive, this way the organization can restructure itself and employ less people who can do the same job, thus reducing costs. A downside to this is that the employees may react negatively to this, make sure that the employees are

The Tyranny of the Majority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Tyranny of the Majority - Essay Example Gayism and lesbianism are two practices strictly prohibited in the Arab world, and any one seized in the practice or openly advocates to have practiced it face dire consequences. Massad observed that the supporters of gay international movement have produced literature used to disseminate information about gays and lesbianism in the Arab world. Moreover, Mossad noted the oppression in which most gays and lesbians leave in the Arab world, and most of them do not dare come out, though there are reported numerous cases of male homoeroticism. The fact that people fear coming out openly as gays or lesbians explains the precarious situation of these people in the Arab world, where culture is held conservatively, and all expected to tow a single line of culture and religion. In fact, Mossad remarks that the concept of homosexuality in the Arab world is considered unfamiliar as people do not expect to have any homosexuals or lesbians among their societies. Amar explains the perceptions of most leaders in the society towards those considered undertaking odd practices within a society. The Brazilian purity campaigns targeted prostitutes in all Brazilian cities. The prostitutes were considered an eye sore and a bad image to the cities and the country at large and had to be removed. As Amar explains, the main motive behind the massive sweeps of prostitutes in Brazilian cities was to facilitate the country clean its name not to be associated with promotion of sex tourism and prostitution. 4 The use of the church, provincial military police, feminist groups and international organizations, though obligated to help poor people involved in prostitution  targeted  getting rid of prostitutes from cities. On the contrary, the aim was not offering help to prostitutes to change their lives towards more sociable behavior. In this case, the police  were  the â€Å"moral guardians of the society and the campaigns were aimed at â€Å"disciplining the public sociability.5 This was a case of tyranny of the majority; they forced norms and values to others regardless of their views and perceptions. For many years, the American whites had protected the purity of the white race by discouraging and even criminalizing any sexual association between with whites and immigrants from Asia or Africa. Shah reported the surveillance of the borderlands that brought an ambiguity of contingency to protect American men from threats posed by different groups of masculinities, considered fo reign and degenerate.6 Therefore, racialization increased construction of masculinity in America  based on racial and sexual topologies necessary for  checking any relationships between their males and foreign immigrants. The immigrants were considered impure and a threat to the purity for the whites. Moreover, Naber explains the efforts to create Arab cultural identity especially among daughters in families.7 As Naber remarked, when a daughter rejected the concept of Arab womanhood even after migrating to a

Reflective paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflective paper - Essay Example Moreover, the nurse’s functions include the various challenges in the provision of care, including the ethical considerations, the various issues in the expansion of roles and the need to secure adequate communication tools with the clients (Johns and Freshwater, 2005). Communication barriers are some of the issues which can make the health care delivery process particularly challenging for nurses and other health professionals. This paper aims to evaluate the management of challenging communication interactions in association with cultural issues. It shall focus on my encounter with a Chinese client who spoke little English. This assessment shall use Johns structured reflective framework model by considering critical reflection based on the main issues of the incident and the possible improvements which could have been implemented to ensure better patient outcomes (Johns, 2009). During my placement in the mental health unit, I was assigned various patients and was subsequently informed that one of my patients spoke little English and was suffering from major depressive disorder. She was under antidepressants and was also under suicide watch because she recently attempted suicide. She is 65 years old and recently lost her home and her business in China to a fire. She was brought to Australia by one of her children and was now living with them, but was having a hard time adjusting to life in Australia. In one of the encounters with her, I went in to her room to keep her company as she was on suicide watch and she turned aggressive, she wanted to push me out of the door because she wanted to be alone. I managed to convince her that I would just be sitting with her, but even with my attempts to speak to her, she refused to communicate with me. Our language barrier failed to reassure her or provide her any comfort. She had a

Bias or the Predisposition an Issue Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bias or the Predisposition an Issue - Assignment Example The title itself gives away the author’s leaning against Karadzic using the word â€Å"mock† – a word that has harsh implications such as to treat somebody with scorn. Though according to the article the former Bosnian President has â€Å"demanded another nine months to prepare his defence† (Charter, 2009, para. 2) and â€Å"mock† can literally mean to prevent something, the choice of words connotes Karadzic’s actions to cause frustration or humiliation- a far too great accusation that becomes personal in relation to the judges present at the court. Other words used to describe Karadzic include â€Å"a psychiatrist who hoodwinked many with his disguise† (Charter, 2009, para. 3) and â€Å"wraithlike shadow† (Charter, 2009, para. 4). The first description already insinuates that the former Bosnian Serb leader is indeed already guilty of tricking his whole nation even before the trial has started. The writer here forgets that the t rial is ongoing in the first place to assess whether Karadzic is guilty or not. The second description, on the other hand, is plainly a figure of speech- a rhetorical device that appeals to the imagination of readers to suggest how evil Karadzic is. Upon further inspection of the way the article is written, the tone of the writer becomes apparent: he is the one who is, in fact, mocking Radovan Karadzic as he mimics the actions of the defendant by putting them into words in a demeaning way: It seems that his exasperation subsided when Karadzic â€Å"finally graced the UN war crimes court† (Charter, 2009, para. 1) – his tone condescending in even being patient for Karadzic’s arrival. The placement of certain facts and the pertaining to the defendant can put emphasis on ideas and also give away the inclination of the writer: The placement of â€Å"a psychiatrist who hoodwinked many with his disguise on the run as a New Age healer and who prides himself as a master of mind game†Ã‚  (Charter, 2009, para. 3) between dashes is sure to stick to the reader’s mind as the whole story of the life of Radovan Karadzic, not to mention the reference to Karadzic being a â€Å"master of mind games† (Char ter, 2009, para. 3) will surely make readers think twice before sympathizing with him.

Organizational Behavior Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behavior Essay The role of organizational behavior in project management empowers the project leader to effectively diagnose situations related to the project for appropriate action and performance. The organizational behavior is a critical aspect to assist the project manager in accessing the particular skills of the team members within a functional organizational matrix (George and Jones, 2005). The understanding of organizational behavior from a project manager’s perspective presents an in-depth conceptual, technical, decision making, and interpersonal skills that are required to successfully manage complex project teams. Analysis on Organizational Behavior That Impacts Project Management The challenges in projects can create multiple tasks to reaching the goals outlined in the project scope. For instance, the team formation process is detrimental to moving through phrases of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning in order to reaching the completion of the project. The project management primary role in understanding the functional project organization assists in identifying the organizational behavior within the context of team building to successfully moving through the phrases (Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, and Sutton, 2008). The project manager utilized the identified organizational behavior concepts of the team and the functional organization to apply appropriate human interpersonal skills for applied motivation, knowledge, decision making, change management, code of ethics, style of communication, and leadership direction. The interaction between the project manager and the project team are the stringent formed relationship that strengthens the communication matrix. The effort for sharing and receiving imperative information concerning the stages of the project tasks organizes the project for accurate reporting to stakeholders. Therefore, the organizational behavior presents a synergy to the effective communication matrix monitored by the project manager to assure that the channel is effectively being relayed by all individuals. The communication method determines the success of the project and defines the organizational behavior concept within the organization. Project managers must work with project teams through effective communication measures that reinforced the indentified organizational behavior concept (Hunger, 2007). In doing so, the expectations of the completed scope objectives are met as well as a formation of a productive project team. The skill of effective communication is the key to transferring the criteria of organizational behavior by demonstrating good decision making. The project manager’s decisions provide the organized efforts to staying on schedule and within budget with a human interpersonal skill approach that keeps the project team together. The decision making identifies the possible scenarios within the organizational behavior concept of the organization for a more direct approach to a problem. Respectively, the organizational cultures present a challenge for the project to moving in the desired direction. Therefore, the project managers must recreate their own organizational cultures within their project team environments that reinforced the specific scope objectives. In doing so, the demonstrated decision making to lead the project team is manifested from understanding the culture and securing a sufficient concept of the organizational behavior. The identified organizational culture within the project environment empowers the project manager in motivating the project team to strive for effective decisions. The organizational culture impacts the project team members for decision making during the process of completing the tasks for deliverables, in which, the organizational behavior detects how successful the channels of implementing changes and how issues are addressed. Therefore, the communication and culture defines the organizational behavior for the project manager to effectively and efficiently manage the special project. The transfer of information and delivering a clear understanding of the project needs essentially benefits all associated individuals to the progress of the team within the organizational culture framework. In the framework of organizational behavior, the attributes of effective communication and understanding the culture outlines the theory of motivation for the project manager to utilize in solidifying the team. The theory of motivation offers the project manager key concepts to implement to the project team for redefining the specific goals set forth from the project charter to the scope. The theory of motivation ranges from different thought of reason from theorists to apply a certain scientific approach, however, the fundamental approach is the model to connecting the team objectives with a purpose mindset amongst team members. Most employees need to feel the importance of the objectives; therefore, the project manager motivated communication tactics are critical for achieving the planned goals. The pursuit for a successful project is the normal functional operations of the technique of project management within the context of organizational behavior. The efforts of the three â€Å"C† are communication, cooperation, and coordination that all work together in a synergistic approach to create a winning coalition with organizational behavior and project management. The three â€Å"C† are essential to providing the means in allowing project management to function in a positive team environment. The goal of project management is to manage and complete the delivery of the client’s deliverable on time and on budget. Therefore, the role of organizational behavior within the principals of project management is the ability to achieve the company’s goals and mission in a strategic framework.

Merger between EnviroTech an InterClean Essay Example for Free

Merger between EnviroTech an InterClean Essay First of all, I would like to take the time to say â€Å"thank you† to each one of you for your outstanding efforts, it has been very enjoyable to work alongside with each of you in contributing to the success of InterClean. You are all well aware of the strategic movement as announced by David Spencer is very near on the horizon. As this merger between InterClean and EnviroTech begins to unfurl I foresee that each of you will have a key role to play in making the transition as smooth as possible. As managers it is our duty to show our fellow co-workers and new team members why we have been successful. It is important to welcome the employees joining us from EnviroTech. The incoming employees from EnviroTech bring vast experience and proven track record that will help to move us in the direction we want to go. Combining two companies together is no easy task and this new endeavor will be challenging. Each individual will need to present his or herself in a positive manner. The main objective is to be positive about the changes that will take place. Also everyone shall commit to learning the new concept of â€Å"full-service solutions packages† (University of Phoenix, Week One Supplement, 2010). I urge each of you to be open to share your ideas as well as receive ideas from all of your team members, old and new. Keep in mind that this new concept will not be immediately rock-solid it will take, several tries an adjusting to create the best package to suit each of our clients. I am sure that some of you are not feeling comfortable with the upcoming transition and that is understandable. However, I again urge you to see the potential this acquisition can bring. The growth potential globally is enormous and you can each have a part to make it happen. Each of you will have an impact on your workers, and how each of you decide to carry yourself can either promote or bring down morale. I  inspire each of you to press forward and lead your teams. You are all more than capable to produce results, so mentor your teams to produce even better results. I would also like to go over a few other important matters. These involve human resource issues because of the diverse work force we will gain by this merger. Obviously each of you will have several if not numerous new members joining your teams. It is very important and I cannot stress it enough just how important it is that you treat every employee the same. You cannot favor or give preference to the current InterClean employees over the incoming EnviroTech employees. Please exercise good judgment when addressing each newly acquired employee. Also when making selections for your teams an initially assigning tasks I suggest you seek input from myself, Carol our internal consultant, and the HR department. If you have any concerns please bring it to my attention immediately as well as to Carol and human resources. Be certain that the issue or concern is cleared up before moving forward. It is in the best interest of the company and for each of you to create an atmosphere that is warm, thriving yet peaceful, non-hostile, and safe. We all need t o value diversity and as Cascio put it â€Å"to manage diversity, there is no room for inflexibility and intolerance-displace them with adaptability and acceptance† (Cascio 2006, p. 125). Furthermore we will all be attending a full-day seminar on reengineering at Leeward Community College, please mark your calendars for Wednesday, December 1. I will send out a reminder along with the pertinent seminar information. If you are unable to make it on Wednesday, you will need to attend the Tuesday session, so let me know as soon as possible so I can make the change for you. I know you are all thinking, â€Å"What is reengineering?† â€Å"Reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, and speed† (Cascio 2006, p. 18). I also strongly recommend that each of you sign up for the management training sessions that HR is setting up. Immediately share and talk with your workers about attending the new product and sales training sessions. Go ahead and schedule your teams with HR to ensure everyone can be properly accommodated as quickly as possible. You should also encourage participation in the ongoing HR seminars that cover topics such as developing skill in conflict resolution and effective communication. As always you are free to come and discuss any issue or  concern that you may have with me. I am more than willing to sit down with each of you and listen to what you have to say. So please do not hesitate I am here for each of you and want to continue working alongside with each you and your teams. I am hopeful that going forward we will all embrace the upcoming changes and challenges facing us. Together we can achieve the desired results to move InterClean closer to our strategic direction of global expansion. References Cascio, W. F. (2006). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, quality of work life, profits. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection database University of Phoenix (2010) Week One Supplement: InterClean-EnviroTech Merger Scenario Retrieved from University of Phoenix HRM/531-Course Website

Recruitment Process for Child Practitioner

Recruitment Process for Child Practitioner Summary This report talks about the recruitment process of a professional called G. It states what strengths and weaknesses she can give to her new role and how she can better herself in the setting as a practitioner. G is 20 years old and is currently studying a level 3 assessor award but also already has qualifications in level 2 health and social care and also a NVQ level 3 in childcare. G is applying for a room leader’s job in the setting see appendixes 1 and 2. The report also looks into the theories linked to practice and how G can implement these in her job role. Introduction In this report the author will explain what the recruitment process is and how It works right from the employer making the advertisement and what would be included, why we interview and give a trial in the interview and then after they are successful and the employer has gathered all relevant information they will then get an induction before starting work in the setting. Next we will discuss what G’s stability is for the post, such as her strengths and weakness, looking into the things she can bring to the setting and also looking at any problems that may arise. Then the author will discuss her potential progress, what G can do to progress in her new job and how can she plan what she is going to do. Next will be reflecting back on theory looking into individual relationships, motivation, behavior, management, leadership, group processes and managing performance Recruitment process Firstly the employer will have to make a job advertisement, including all parts of the job role and what is expected of the new employer. It will also have to state what qualifications they expect from the applicant. The job description should include at least six important factors, these being: Job title, Main duties, Role, Location, Salary and a brief of what your company does. (Marketing Donut, 2014) Then the employer will have to put the advertisement in local papers or online so that the applicant can find it. Once the applicant has assessed that they have everything they need for the job and it is what they are looking for by reading the job description like in appendix two, they will then call for an application form which they will then fill in and send back to the employer. Once the employer has assessed all applicants the ones which fit the needs if the job will be offered an interview. Once they are asked back to a structured interview the employer will examine the applica nt’s childcare knowledge, qualifications gained, practical experience and attitudes. The applicant may be asked to bring a current Disclosure and Barring Service, also known as a DBS (Gov. UK, 2014) along with your qualification certificates, three forms of I.D, one with a photo and also a current C.V. Each candidate is asked the same structured questions, their replies are noted, so that the employer can look back to find the best suited person. (Honeysucklechildcare.co.uk, 2014) In the interview it also gives the applicant an insight of the setting and how its set out this will help them to determine if the environment is right for them. At the interview the applicant may be asked to do a small trial with the children this is so that the staff can see if they work well with the children and in the setting. Once the employer picks the applicant they will firstly contact the two references that were supplied on the application form to find out information on how the applicant has worked in the past and if there has been any challenges. After they have gathered all relevant information and have their qualification certificates and their DBS they will be given an induction. Induction is the first part of the learning in setting for an employer when starting a different job. It contributes a structured start for the employees in the first weeks/months of work, which will make sure that they are sufficient enough to be left unsupervised with children unsupervised. Evidence suggests that a structured induction procedure, along with a developmental scheme will stimulate an important part in the retention of employees. (Kurtts, 2011) G,s induction will allow her to get to know all the people she will be working with and the policies and procedures of the setting it will also allow time for any relevant paperwork to be filled in. During the induction as a room leader she will be shown how to fill in all the paperwork she needs to do in the setting such as daily planners, registers, EYFS record keeping and diaries for the parents of the children. Most importantly, it will give an insight to the manager if she will cope with the job role and with the pace of the daily activities of the setting. G’s suitability G was most suitable for the job advertised, this is because it worked within what she was looking for and also her strengths fitted well into the job role, also as the job is mornings it seemed to tie in well with her weaknesses as well. Strengths She has a high attendance rate, which is strongly important as a room leader as other staff members will be relying on her not only for ratio purposes but as she is planning activities and daily duties. G is very enthusiastic and in interview showed her good positive ideas and communicated very well with the manager and also with the children and other colleagues. G will be able to bring her new ideas into the setting when it comes to planning the daily activities and outings with the children staying within the setting policies and procedures. She will be working mornings so this seems to fit in well with her lifestyle also she is still studying so working part time gives her the time she needs to continue that training. Weakness G will need some training in boosting her ability to plan activities on her own. She will also have to be overseen for a few weeks while in her trial period as she hasn’t had any responsibilities in inform parents of information, although she has had previous communication with parents in her old setting. It was previously disclosed by past employer that she seems to get moody when tired, so this seems to fit in well that she will only be working part time in the mornings. G is still in training so although she is working part time so it fits round her daily life this can also be a weakness as she may find it hard to work with such high standards and supervise everyone in her room as well as going to college and doing college work this may also delay her in doing any training that’s she may need through work. Training is regularly given at improving someone’s discrimination or cognition. (Cottrill, 1997) Potential Development for G G could progress her development by finishing her current course to her highest standards. She can also take up any opportunities that her work may give her such as higher level training and by attending all relevant training such as safeguarding and child protection as this is a requirement for all staff. (Pre-school.org.uk, 2015) G could also look into her own further education and development such as a PGCE in early childhood education and care. This will help her as this course is aimed at people who are already working with young children in early years such as nurseries. It will deepen G’s knowledge and understanding of the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) she will also extend her knowledge and professional skills in observation and assessment of young childrens development how children develop while learning through play, combined with working with all parents and careers and the leadership of staff teams. These are all things G will be doing while a room leader, but with the training she can progress to a supervisor of the setting. (Shu.ac.uk, 2015) You can assess your own progress at work by specializing your goals when doing a personal development plan. (Ireland, Cure and Hopkins, 2009) All people set some goals when in a professional working environment. These goals may be only short term or semi-permanent goals. If the goals set are too overwhelming and that they will not be achieved in a time scale set, then you can set them for longer periods of time or do them one at a time. (Streetdirectory.com, 2015) Reflecting on theories Individual relationships Children learn and become independent through individual positive relationships Positive relationships help children develop because they show warmth and loving relationship with a sense of belonging. The professional has to show a sensitive and responsive relationship to the child’s needs, feelings and interests, they are supportive when a child uses their own efforts and independence. While they are regularly setting clear boundaries for the child. (Moylett and Stewart, 2012) This then leads to the attachment theory as infants have a universal need to seek close proximity with their caregiver when under stress or threatened (Prior Glaser, 2006). This being the case G should always be available for her peers and always have positive relationships with them so she can aid their development so the children can develop well and also easily be calmed with distressed or threatened. If she does not have positive relationships with the children this may hold back their best potenti al development and also when distressed they will not be calmed easily. Motivation To maximise a child’s development positive motivation will play a major part. Elton Mayos theory of motivation examined the social desires of the employee. He believed that pay alone wasnt adequate to encourage workers to put forward their best practice. He believed that the social desires of the staff ought to be taken into thought. He suggested employers treat their staff in a caring and humane way so that it demonstrates an interest within the individual so as to possess them manufacture their best work. (Silver, 2015) G can implement this in her own work as she can be well motivated towards all children and staff in setting, this then will have a knock on effect and helps them to produce their best work and also so the children can work to their best ability, giving them the best possible development outcomes. Behavior A practitioner’s behavior has a massive effect on all aspects of the setting. The main two are maintaining yourself as a professional, your behavior towards others and your job will show people how professional you are and how you come across in your job. In social learning theory Albert Bandura states behavior is learned from the setting and the practitioners through observation. Bandura also states that humans consider the connection between their behavior and its consequences. Children also observe the people around them and the way in which they behave in. (Bandura 1977). G can do this in her setting by keeping positive behaviors and by acting professionally at all times. However, she must be aware of when she gets tired she can get moody and that this behavior will have a negative effect on the children and other staff members. Management and Leadership The management can have a big impact on the whole setting from to how they professional run the setting through to communication within the setting. The manager of the setting can help the other professionals in the setting by going through personal development plans, giving good communication, Motivating the team and giving them training so they can develop. G can take up all the opportunities given to her and stick to her development plans alongside her manager. Group processes There are many ways to group process one being Bruce Tuckmans Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing team-development model this is a way of all staff members linking together to make sure their overall performance is at the highest level possible. The development model explains that because the team develops maturity and talent this establish relationships and also how the manager changes their leadership styles. Starting with a direction, moving through employment, then collaborating and finishing authorisation. (Bonebright, 2010) G can do this with her other staff members so that as a team they can perform to the best they can. Managing performance One way of managing performance is to have a performance management, this is a way of approaching the setting through supporting workers to perform well and develop in their roles. Things like appraisal, outlined objectives, supervising and feedback will modify a shared understanding and agreement of expectations. This then permits workers to develop their skills and ability so that they can improve the standard of the training and care provided within the setting. An effective performance management system will encourage staff to recognise as well as rewarding achievements, whereas providing opportunities for individuals to develop their careers. Positive communication is additionally integral to support and inspiring staff so that it enhance their performance. (Dnn.essex.gov.uk, 2015) G can take on board how she supports the staff members in her room and give them feedback at team meetings on how they can improve themselves. References Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Bonebright, D. (2010). 40 years of storming: a historical review of Tuckmans model of small group development. Human Resource Development International, 13(1), pp.111-120. Cottrill, M. (1997). Give Your Work Teams Time and Training. Academy of Management Perspectives, 11(3), pp.87-89. Dnn.essex.gov.uk, (2015). Early Years and Childcare Provider > Information for Managers > Managing Staff > Performance. [Online] Available at: http://dnn.essex.gov.uk/eycp/InformationforManagers/ManagingStaff/Performance.aspx [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Gov.uk, (2014). Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) checks (previously CRB checks) GOV.UK. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/disclosure-barring-service-check/overview [Accessed 13 Dec. 2014]. Honeysucklechildcare.co.uk, (2014). Recruitment. [Online] Available at: http://www.honeysucklechildcare.co.uk/4.html [Accessed 28 Dec. 2014]. Ireland, B., Cure, R. and Hopkins, L. (2009). Perfecting your personal development plan. Vital, 6(2), pp.40-41. Kurtts, S. (2011). Successful induction for new teachers: a guide for NQTs induction tutors, coordinators, and mentors. Teacher Development, 15(1). Marketing Donut, (2014). Six things you need to include in a job description. [Online] Available at: http://www.lawdonut.co.uk/law/employment-law/recruitment-and-employment-contracts/six-things-you-need-to-include-in-a-job-description [Accessed 28 Dec. 2014]. Moylett, H. and Stewart, N. (2012). EYFS Development Matters. 1st ed. London: Early Education. Pre-school.org.uk, (2015). Safeguarding | Advice and resources | Pre-school Learning Alliance. [Online] Available at: https://www.pre-school.org.uk/providers/support-and-advice/430/safeguarding [Accessed 3 Jan. 2015]. Prior, V. and Glaser, D. (2006). Understanding attachment and attachment disorders. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Silver, F. (2015). Three Major Theories of Motivation. [Online] Business Entrepreneurship azcentral.com. Available at: http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/three-major-theories-motivation-1260.html [Accessed 6 Jan. 2015]. Shu.ac.uk, (2015). Print version | PGCE Early Childhood Education and Care (0-5) with EYTS (graduate employment route) Part-time course. [Online] Available at: http://www.shu.ac.uk/prospectus/course/1279/print/ [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Streetdirectory.com, (2015). Assessing Your Progress At Work. [Online] Available at: http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/190857/careers_and_job_hunting/assessing_your_progress_at_work.html [Accessed 5 Jan. 2015]. Appendix One Job Specification Appendix Two JOB DESCRIPTION JOB TITLE: Room leader JOB LEVEL: 3 Job Description Room Leader To be a leader of a team, providing an emotionally secure, warm, stimulating and safe environment, appropriate to the needs of individual children. There must be excellent knowledge of the Early Years foundation stage and implement these in your daily work. This is a basic job description that must be implemented at all times, extension of this job description is essential to promotion and enhancement within the setting. Main Duties and responsibilities Over viewing planning sheets and record keeping of all the staff in your room Ensuring routines are followed Ensuring new decisions are taken on board Ensuring all staff in the room know all information needed Ensuring that all policies and procedures are being followed by all staff Being a role model to the other staff in your room Understanding all policies and procedures of the nursery Manage staff effectively, ensuring ratios are maintained throughout the setting Overseeing the professionalism of all staff in the setting Welcome all children and parents to the nursery Provide a wide range of activities for the children individually and as a group appropriate to their needs and developmental stages. Putting out and setting up the nursery and storing away equipment appropriately. Encourage all the children with their language development Maintain a clean and tidy nursery and garden area and ensure all equipment and toys are clean and in good order. Encourage and supervise clearing and tidy up time Provide a high standard of health and hygiene Change nappies and encourage children with toilet training and personal hygiene Help children at meal times and then tidy and clear away afterwards Act as a key person for a group of children as allocated by the management team, ensuring attachment theories are respected. Work in partnership with parents, consulting and sharing information with them about the needs and progress of their children Filling in all the appropriate records for your key children and ensure they are always up to date Attend all staff meetings To undertake all training and give feedback to the other members of staff also implement this in your work Ensuring all staff stick to the policies and procedures of their setting. Page 1 of 15 Pin 1320743Central Bedfordshire College

The Iran-Iraq War Essay -- War Middle East Essays

The Iran-Iraq War While the Iran-Iraq War during the 1980's may have permanently altered the course of progress in Iran and Iraq, the war also altered the resulting permanent involvement of the rest of the world in the middle-east. The rich and complicated history in Iraq has established numerous cultural and ethnic traditions that all play a part in where the country is today. The Iran-Iraq War brought into focus some of those traditions and how they conflicted, while also bringing Iraq and its economic situation into the spotlight. Being on top of some of the most mineral rich soil in the world makes Iraq a major contributor to the world's economy through petroleum and crude oil exports. This, among other reasons, ties nations all around the world to Iraq. As a result the Iran-Iraq War played a major role, and was a major turning point, in the international events that have led to the United States involvement in Iraq, including the Gulf War/Desert Storm, and the recent 2003 invasion of Iraq. This American presence in Iraq has also led to United States involvement with the middle-east in general and has pulled the United States into an area of conflict far older than itself. Iraq is part of what was anciently known as Mesopotamia, or ?the land between two rivers.? The region where the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers come together has come to be known as the ?Cradle of Civilization,? and when studied to any degree, one can easily understand why the conflicts in modern-day are so complex. First it was the Sumerians who settled Mesopotamia back in 4000BC, than it was Akkadians, then the Assyrians, the Babylonians, and the Persians. By the seventh century AD, the Arab Muslims had emerged as a ruling force and the ... ...2. Pelletiere, Stephen C. and Johnson, Douglas V. Lessons Learned : The Iran-Iraq War. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. Carlisle Barracks, Pennslyvania. 1991. Pelletiere, Stephen C., Johnson, Douglas V., and Rosenburger, Leif R. Iraqi Power and U.S. Security in the Middle East. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. Carlisle Barracks, Pennslyvania. 1990. Staff Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations United States Senate : Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan : Iraq?s Final Offensive. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington D.C. 1988. http://www.iranchamber.com/history. May 2003. http://www.news.bbc.co.uk. January 2001. http://Lcweb2.loc.gov. May 2003. http://www.truthout.org. June 2001. Vanity Fair, January and February 2002, as well as Time, March 10, 2003, were all indirectly cited as well.

The Study of Anthropology and the Humanities Essay -- exploring the hu

The humanities are a broad multidisciplinary field of study where its disciplines aren’t in just one department. Therefore, studying the humanities correlates to the study of anthropology. Simply put, anthropology is the study of humanity and the origins of human beings. Learning about the humanities can help those studying anthropology because the humanities looks into understanding and exploring the human condition. There is an idea of culture that is used to describe what humans do. Anthropology explores what culture is, how it influences society, and why the idea of culture is important. Studying anthropology also looks into the various cultures around the world and the diversity that makes the human race. A basic concern for anthropologists is what defines human life and its origins. How has the evolutionary past of humans influenced the contemporary culture? Reading R. Crumb’s The Book of Genesis (Illustrated) opens doorways for studying anthropology becau se it looks into the history and beginning of humankind. Studying the humanities relates to the study of anthropology because the graphic novel The Book of Genesis depicts ancient human culture. Crumb’s 2009 graphic novel helps better understand today’s society and comprehend how humans live today. The study of man and civilization connects with other subjects of education because it involves the reasoning for life today. The real effect of Anthropology is rather to lighten than increase the strain of learning (Tylor preface). When a scholar knows of early history, he knows how humankind arose and is able to take a better hold of himself and his own society. For example, if a paleontologist is studying the theory of the how humanity began, a book that depicts anc... ...here is a better comprehension of today. Studying different historical texts provides insight into features of the past which some anthropologists may first find difficult to comprehend or examine. Humanities deal with society and serve as a basis for studies in other fields, like anthropology. Anthropologists use methods in humanities to better understand society, people, and culture. In order to understand such a complex system of people, a history of culture and humanity must be taken into account. Works Cited Crumb, Robert. The Book of Genesis Illustrated by R. Crumb New York: Norton, 2009 Lassiter, Luke E. Invitation to Anthropology. Lanham, MD: AltaMira, 2009. Print. Linton, Ralph. The Study of Man; An Introduction. New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1936. Print. Tylor, Edward B. Anthropology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1960. Print.

Essay --

Have you ever seen commercials on television advertising allergy medications? The advertisement explains that taking the medication can cause abnormal sleep patterns, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, itching, watery eyes, rashes, and headaches. A conclusion could be made that the side effects of the product would be much worse than the allergy problem. However, people still buy the product. The lengths an average person will go in order to get a quick fix is amazing. It is this way of thinking that makes tanning beds so popular. Over the last decade, cancer causing tanning beds have given self-image issues to people across the world. For, example a self proclaimed â€Å"child of the 70’s†, Donna Moncivaiz soaked in the sun whenever possible. As an adult she graduated to tanning beds and allowed her teenaged children use them also. Two years ago 51 year old Donna was diagnosed with melanoma. She had lost her gallbladder. Her daughter has also been diagnosed with an early stag e of melanoma. Donna states â€Å"If I had known what I know now, it never would have happened.† Many people will do things that will make you think that tanning is something they need to survive like spending millions of dollars in a life time for tanning beds, ending up becoming addicted to it, as well as they could get many types of skin cancers later on in life. All these things just for something that can hurt you in your life time and can kill you as well. So why even start? So why do people go tanning? Many people go tanning to get the feeling of beauty. In society today, having a tan is thought to be one of the most attractive and appealing senses to the opposite sex. Unfortunately, tanning beds are used most frequently among teenagers. This is especially harmful bec... ... cause death to someone. Skin cancers are separated into two categories. First one is malignant melanomas and non melanoma. The first is basal cell carcinoma; basal cell carcinoma begins in the lowest layer of the epidermis, the basal cell layer. Basal cell cancer accounts for 75% of all skin cancers. This type of skin cancer tends to be slow growing and is usually is found in areas that are highly exposed to sunlight, such as the head or neck. People with lighter skin are more likely to get basal cell cancer than are dark skinned people. The second type is called squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 20% of all skin cancers, and penetrates the skin more than basal cell would, therefore, is considered to be more harmful. The growth of a squamous cell is more quicker than a basal cell. It can spread to the lymph nodes, arms, neck, and the head.

Stolpestad by William Lychack

Lychack, published in 2008, is about a policeman who gets called out at the end of his shift, to help a 9 year old boy with his suffering dog. Stolpestad is the main character in the story and the protagonist. He is not at all captivated by the task at hand, which I believe to be the antagonist of the story, but follows his orders and heads out to accomplish this odd task and shoots the dog.In the end he is confronted by the young boy and his father for not actually killing the dog. We are first greeted with a very explicit description of the day itself. â€Å"Sun never breaking through the clouds, clouds never breaking into rain – the odometer like a clock ticking all these bored little pent-up streets and mills and tenants away. † (Page 1, line 2-4) This description suggests that it is always like this, the town never changing, never moving on, constant and a duplicate of the day before, Just as the life of Stolpestad.Every street, every shop and home the same as they were in his childhood memories. He has always lived here, but his portrayal of he town bares little enthusiasm or fondness, almost suggesting a negative outlook on his life. The ambience of the setting continues on the same dull note, when the area in which the dog is located is presented. â€Å".. the grass and scrub weeds, the sumac, the old tires, empty bottles, paint cans, rusted car axel, refrigerator door.

Harris on End Times Essay

: Hey, John. What are in you today? You don’t look as upbeat as usual. Is there anything that I can do to help you? John: I don’t know, but perhaps you can. You see, I am taking Eschatology 1. My professor is weird. On top of that, he is a lousy lecturer. I can’t understand what he’s saying. And I can’t even understand my notes! I have to study it and read the book of Revelation in order to pass his test. Steven: Let me see. Hmmm. You’re not a good note taker; it’s very obvious. But I guest your professor isn’t an organized lecturer. Well, you can always read my book and†¦ John: But the exam is four hours away! Steven: Oh my goodness. You are definitely in trouble. Listen, I will lecture you briefly on the main points that you will need to pass this test. Listen carefully, and I hope you’ll get an A. John: Ok Steven: From Chapter 15 of my book, I said the Revelation can be outlined as follows: 1. Prologue: the author’s self-identification and au ¬thority (1:1-20) 2. Jesus’ letters to the seven churches of Asia Minor (2:1-3:22) 3. Visions from heaven: breaking seven seals on a scroll; seven trumpets (4:1-11:19) 4. Signs in heaven: visions of the woman, the dragon, the beast, the Lamb, and the seven plagues (12:1-16:21) 5. Visions of the â€Å"great whore† and the fall of Babylon (Rome) (17:1-18:24) 6. Visions of the eschaton: the warrior Messiah, the imprisonment of the beast and Satan, judgment of the dead, and the final defeat of evil (19:1-20:15) 7. Visions of the â€Å"new heaven and a new earth†; descent of the heavenly Jerusalem to earth (21:1-22:5) 8. Epilogue: authenticity of the author’s prophetic visions and the nearness of their fulfilment (22:6-21). In addition, many of John’s imagery and style came from Old Testament Apocalyptic Literature, and†¦ John: Wait, you mean principles of interpretation in Daniel and others such as â€Å"one apocalyptic day = one literal year† also holds in Revelation? Steven: That’s right! John: So everything I’ve learned in the previous term about Hebrew Prophecy can also be used here? Precisely the reason why I had to take Hermeneutics 2 and Hebrew Prophecy before I study Revelation? Steven: You betcha†¦ John: So first, let me recap. Let’s take a look at the terms the Lamb, the dragon, the heav ¬enly woman, the whore, and the marriage of the Lamb and the heavenly city. They are not literal being but symbols of another referent, right? Steven: Yes, and to take you to the shortcut, the historical belief is the Lamb is Jesus Christ, the dragon is a figure of Satan, the whore is his church the Roman Catholic Church, the marriage of the Lamb symbolizes the union of the Christian Church of the aggregate of the true believers after the Rapture, and the heavenly city is a picture of our destiny with Jesus Christ. Though I find it personally hard to accept that it is literally as described, but I do not really show that in the book because I do not want to offend my Christian brother.

Case Brief: Mercan Systems,

Background and Problem Definition Mercan Systems, Inc. founded in 1980 their first product being a desalinator which was used to remove salts from brackish well water supplied it to mobile home park residents in Florida. The product was very successful in the market and it quickly expanded to nearby hospitals and bottlers of water for sale to consumer. By 2000, they made vast improvement in their product by including particle filters, ozonators, ion exchange resins, and purifiers. It had kept its price higher than its competitors.They launched a new product and wanted to formulate an entry strategy for the market entry of Delight water purifier in India. Market and Industry Analysis There were approximately 44 million households who took precautions and all the safety measures for their family. About 50% of the target market used traditional boiling water method, 20% used candle filters and another 20% used water purifiers. The major competitor for Mercan was Eureka Forbes who mainly had two products namely Aqua guard and Pure sip. The unit prices for Aqua guard and pure sip were approx. Rs. 5500 and Rs. 2000.Apart from this there were other companies like Ion Exchange, Singer, and Delta Brand. On more careful observation Chatterjee found out that maximum Sales were from urban areas where the existing manufacturers were reaching only 10-15% of the entire Indian population. Evaluation of Alternative course of Action 1. Direct Acquisition/Joint Venture Looking at the estimated sales figure from Exhibit 3 we find that the Sales were approximately 430000 units. Analyzing it further we see that in case we adopt the skimming price strategy and sell products through Dealer channel we can estimate a sales of 279. million INR in comparison to 129 million INR in case Penetration strategy. We observe the same thing for Direct Sales we can see that in case of skimming strategy the estimated sales were 215 million INR and in case of penetration strategy it was 86 million IN R. (Exhibit 1 for the analysis). The pros and cons for adopting the strategy will be: – Pros: There is a huge opportunity to gain market share with new technology. Cons: Initial investment is Rs. 30 Million is pretty high. Moreover Joint Ventures may turn out to be complicated as it will involve people with different mindset and working style. 2. LicenseeConsidering the total cost incurred for licensee 35000 USD (Exhibit 2) and estimated sales contribution as 129 Million INR (Exhibit 3) Pros: It has minimal cost and is of less risk. It can receive royalty from licensee. National staff can be hired with minimum salary Cons: No control over licensee’s operation Conclusion My recommendation will be they must go with option 1 which is to enter India’s market using joint venture/ acquisition mode of entry. Exhibit 1 Estimated Sales in units = 430000 units Contribution per unitCalculationsEstimated Sales Skimming Price through Dealer Channel650=650*430000279. Million INR Penetration Price through Dealer channel300 =300*430000129 Million INR Skimming Price through Direct Sales force500 =500*430000215 Million INR Penetration Price through Direct Sales force200 =200*43000086 Million INR Exhibit 2 capital for production facilities and equipment30000 USD office facilities and equipment. 5000 USD Total investment35000 USD Exhibit 3 Contribution per unit (Average royalty per unit)300 INR Total no. of units sold (estimated) i. e. , National market potential430000 units Estimated Sales contribution300*430000=129 Million INR

Differences of Private and Public Language Essay

â€Å"I remember to start with that day in Sacramento when I first entered a classroom, able to understand some fifty stray English words† (Rodriguez 535). Richard Rodriguez, who is the author of the essay â€Å"Private Language, Public Language†, introduces how he was raised and lived as well as how he felt growing up in the States as an immigrant family. After reading the Rodriguez’s essay, there are several points as well as the experiences that I was able to relate, perhaps because I share a similar background as the writer himself. Language as he says is separated by â€Å"Just opening or closing the screen door† (Rodriguez 537), the differences were simple as being home speaking his own language and staying within the world of the gringos, or white English speaking person. He also explains the differences on how Rodriguez expressed Spanish as a private language and English as a public language, and what those two languages meant to him emotionally as well as mentally. Rodriguez expresses his emotional feeling as he entered the classroom and heard the nun call out his name in English for the first time. â€Å"Quickly I turned to see my mother’s face dissolve in a watery blur behind the pebbled glass door† (Rodriguez 535). Being in a different environment and without anyone to rely on he was feeling confused and scared, and even seeing his mother with in a watery eyes did not give him any more comfort to begin with. Rodriguez was also very sensitive to the sounds. â€Å"I heard her sound out: Rich-heard Road-ree-guess† (Rodriguez 535). He was not used to the soft spoken sounds of the words especially with his name. Hearing his name spoken out in English made him even more feel like an outsider that did not belong with the crowd. Another characteristic can be not having sense of belonging to the society.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"We lived among gringos and only a block from the biggest, whitest houses† (Rodriguez 535). Although his family had a pride for being hard working family and being able to cope with in America, his family never felt welcome by the neighbors as well. His personality also changes when he is in public with stranger, which is a non-family member. â€Å"Walking down the sidewalk, under the canopy of talk trees, I’d warily notice the suddenly silent neighborhood kids who stood warily watching me† (Rodriguez 537). Rodriguez was not the only one who did not have the confidence and felt comfortable in English. â€Å"In public, my father and mother spoke hesitant, accented, not always grammatical English† (Rodriguez 536). They were not ashamed of where they came from but because they were well aware of the fact that they did not sound like gringos. Their voice and the tones were lower compared to when they spoke in Spanish. â€Å"I was unable to hear my own sounds, but I know very well that I spoke English poorly† (Rodriguez 536). He was never too embarrassed about how his parents did not speak English fluently because they went about with their life very well and coped with their issues on their own. However, he could not hide the fact that he got nervous when he was at presence with his father. â€Å"Hearing them, I’d grow nervous, my clutching trust in their protection and power weakened† (Rodriguez, 537). â€Å"The very first chance that I got, I evaded his grasp and ran on ahead into the dark, skipping with feigned boyish exuberance† (Rodriguez 537). On the other hand, the situation completely changes when his family is at home and being able to express their feelings and thought in their own language. â€Å"Spanish seemed to me the language of home. It became the language of joyful return† (Rodriguez 537). He also felt loved and made him feel like he was valued. â€Å"My parents would say something to me and I would feel embraced by the sounds of their words† (Rodriguez 537). Regardless of location and the times, whenever he encounters and hears the private language, the Spanish, he expresses how he feels close to home and finds himself at ease. â€Å"Spanish speakers, rather seemed related to me, for I sensed that we shared – through our language-the experience of feeling apart  from los gringos† (Rodriguez 537). Overall, after reading Rodriguez essay, I was able to relate and understand every aspect of the points. I grew up in the States forced to learn English just like Rodriguez had to in his childhood. I was able to connect with the fear he had, the feeling of being an outsider, and not being able to find comfort with the surrounding. Rodriguez referred Spanish as a private language due to the fact that Spanish was spoken only at home and only his kind of people, which are gringos can understand. On the other hand, English was referred as public language not only because he was forced to speak in order to go about his daily routine and able to blend in with others but also every non gringos spoke English. However, as he reached his adulthood he found comfort with his background, his ancestors and learned to appreciate the multicultural experiences. Rodriguez states in his essay, drawing a complete line between private and public language is not a healthy thought to have, but being proud o f having the opportunity to understand two different cultures is a great gain after all. Works Cited Richard, Rodregez. â€Å"Private Language, Public Language.† Strategies for Successful Writing: A Rhetoric, Research guide, Reader, and Handbook, Ninth Edition. Ed. Reinking, James A., R.v.d. Osten, and First Osten. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2011. eBook.

How do I learn best Essay

How do I learn best? Cal state University How do I learn best? Simply defined, your learning style is the way you tend to learn best. Learning styles do not gauge a person’s abilities or intelligence, but they can explain why some tasks may seem easier than others. According to the VARK system, five learning styles exist: visual learning style, auditory learning style, reading and writing learning style, kinesthetic learning style and multimodal learning style. Visual learners use graphic presentations like charts, diagrams, and graphs to understand information. Aural learners rely on discussions, recordings and lectures to process information. Kinesthetic learners learn best when they can put concepts that they are learning into actions or activities for which they rely on videos and demonstrations. Majority of learners fall under the multimodal strategy of learning. Multimodal study strategy is a learning method which utilizes various sensory modalities of a learner. Utilization of multimodal strategy â€Å"has expanded the ways we acq uire information and understand concepts.†(â€Å"Position Statement on Multimodal Literacies,† n.d., para. 13) Multimodal strategy combines print, images, animation, speech, and sound as its style. (â€Å"Position Statement on Multimodal Literacies,† n.d., para. 15) The Multimodal Study strategy allows for switching between various styles, that is, visual, aural, read/write or kinesthetic, for the purposes of better communication and learning. The more varied ways a person learns something, the more truly that person understands that concept, (Lazear, 2008) gains a deeper understanding of the subject and retains the information longer. In utilizing the multimodal structure of education, the educator can accommodate use of various tools like visual graphics, documentaries and interactive modules to supplement a lecture. This helps in reinforcing the material being taught. Utilizing methods that stimulate different senses facilitates learning. (Heady, 2010, p. 247) Multimodal learning is more effective than unimodal learning. When different senses are combined such as visual with auditory, higher-order learning occurs. (Metiri Group, 2008, p. 14). However, this also has a negative aspect. It’s  important for the educator to create a balance between various modalities. Frequent switching between different modalities can cause â€Å"overload† of information and confuse the learner. (Maier, n.d., para. 3) Learne rs may lose focus and have difficulty understanding. People with multimodal learning style may often â€Å"switch† to an inappropriate mode that will negatively impact their learning capability. So it is imperative for multimodal learners to know how and when to switch from one modality to another to stay focused and enhance their learning process. Read/Write study strategy works for many learners. The read/write learners prefer visual material presented in a written format. In this category, the learner intakes the information by making notes, which include lists and headings, organizing visual graphics into written statements. The learner utilizes resources like dictionaries, textbooks and, manuals. After gathering all information the learner proceeds to make a package for learning. This is done by writing and reading one’s notes multiple times. For many learners this strategy works for them as writing what you read makes you go over information again which also serves as a revision. Often breaking down what you read into your own words makes you remember things more vividly. However, the read/write style is considered a traditional style of learning. Studies suggest that avid offline readers are not the best online readers and vice versa. (â€Å"Reading Online,† n.d., para. 4) With the onset of distant learning, such as online programs and e-learning formats, t he read/write style learners will have to accommodate new methods into their learning pattern and that’s where being a multimodal study strategy style learner can come in handy. One should learn from peers how to utilize a different study strategy and accommodate their style into one’s own style of learning. It is important to recognize your preferred learning strategies and the identified strategies for your learning style. Combining the two can help the learner become more proficient by utilizing various senses simultaneously. It is important to know that some concepts are best understood using various modalities or a different study strategy. At the same time learners should also recognize that being a Multimodal learner can help as it can reduce their learning and understanding time. By putting extra effort one can recognize and use the best modalities that work in understanding a subject. No single learning style is better than the other. Every individual learns differently. It is important to know which style suits you. It may take time and effort on the learner’s part to conclude which style aids in their learning best but once known, your strategy of learning will empower you with best learning abilities contributing to your success. References Lazear, D. (2008). â€Å"Multi-Modal† Learning by David Lazear. Retrieved from http://www.davidlazeargroup.com/free_articles/multi-modal.html . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.readwritethink.org/professional-development/strategy-guides/reading-online-30096.html Heady, S. A. (2010). Health Education. In C. L. Edelman, & C. L. Mandle (Eds.), Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span (7 ed., pp. 243-258). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby Elsevier. Maier, C. (n.d.). Multimodal Teaching Strategies. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_12049345_multimodal-teaching-strategies.html Metiri Group. (2008). Multimodal Learning Through Media: What the Research Says. Retrieved from http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/education/Multimodal-Learning-Through-Media.pdf NCTE Position Statement. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ncte.org/positions/statements/multimodalliteracies