The Golden Door to America essays

The Golden Door to America essays I wrote this paper for Political Life 1110 Should America Close the Golden Door? America has, is, and will always be a nation of immigrants: the great melting pot. In the years that have passed since Emma Lazarus poem was inscribed on the Statue of Liberty the golden door has seen times when it was open wide and times when it was closed shut to almost all immigrants. Many people tend to look at the present immigration problems as a purely modern dilemma. The truth is America has always struggled with the issue of immigration, both legal and illegal. Changing times however make it imperative that our government re-examine and adjust todays immigration laws to todays standards. Those standards however are not easily defined. All too often the issue of immigration is used as a political tool or is lost in heated moral debates. In any discussion about immigration you will have those who claim it is good for our nation and those who claim it is ruining the nation. More often than not the bottom line in any debate of this sort is money; will more or less immigration mean more or less money for those already in America. The moral debates come down to a question of who we are as a nation and how we want the rest of the world to perceive Americans. If this great country was forged and built by immigrants passing through the golden door , then how can this same country turn away new immigrants. The inscription on the Statue of Liberty invites all to enter, yet not all are allowed to enter. Immigration has become a selective process with many gray areas. Now Americans are faced with a new dilemma; the nation must decide not whether it is willing to accept new immigrants, but whether it can afford new immigrants. All new immigrant, both legal and illegal must be considered in this equation. Congress can attempt to ease the burden of legal immigration by passing restrictive laws and only allowing in those...

Environment-behaviour relationships have been systematically studied by psychologists The WritePass Journal

Environment-behaviour relationships have been systematically studied by psychologists References Environment-behaviour relationships have been systematically studied by psychologists Introduction Some Important Issues in Previous Studies A concept of the store environmentThe Mehrabian-Russell environmental psychology model The Relationship between Emotions and Shopping Behaviours PleasureArousalDominance Discussion of Other Previous FindingsMultiple effects of store environment Moderating role of consumer characteristics MethodologyReferencesRelated Introduction Environment-behavior relationships have been systematically studied by psychologists and a discipline was produced which known as ‘environmental psychology’, however, rarely attention was directed to the retail store environment. Meanwhile, there was a growing appeal to explain the variation in buyer behaviour by situational influences due to limitations in the ability of consumer characteristics. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to analyse and understand the effect of store environment on shopping behaviour. First, some important issues applied in this area should be clarified. One is related to the description of store environment. The other is about the Mehrabian-Russell model, which played a vital role in the study of store atmosphere. Then the paper proceeds by summarizing and comparing some findings related to the relationship between three emotional states aroused by the environment and shopping behaviours. In the next chapter, it is concerned other previous fi ndings, such as multiple effects of store environment and the moderated role of consumer characteristics in this relationship. The final part of the essay will give rise to thinking of the methodology authors used and the statistical validity of those findings. Some Important Issues in Previous Studies A concept of the store environment An adequate concept of the store environment is the premise of the study of situational influence in consumer behaviour. Although there is not a complete definition of environment, it is widely accepted that environment is an extended concept which at least includes situations and behavioural settings. A situation comprised a point in time and space was proposed by Belk (1975a) and according to Barker (1968), a behaviour setting is not only bounded in time, also by a complete sequence of behaviour or an action pattern. Additionally, Mehrabian and Russell (1974) also attempted to develop three comprehensive situational descriptors (pleasure, arousal and dominance) in their model; however, none of them depicts a satisfying array of situational dimensions. On the basis of Belk’s (1975b) definition which comprises five groups of situational characteristics, the store environment could contain the physical and social surroundings of a store, the temporal dimension (ranging from tim e of day to season of the year), task definition features (an intent or requirement for a general or specific purchase) and antecedent states (momentary moods and conditions). The Mehrabian-Russell environmental psychology model A leading environmental psychology approach, the Mehrabian-Russell (M-R) model, was firstly introduced by Donovan and Rossiter (1982) in the retail context. It has become the basis of most research about the impact of environmental factors on shopping behaviour since that time. This model is based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) paradigm, relating features of the environment (S) to approach-avoidance behaviours (R) within the environment, mediated by the individual’s emotional states (O) aroused by the environment; but this model mainly focuses on the O-R aspects and proposes a general measure of S. Mehrabian and Russell (1974) also proposed three basic emotional states (pleasure, arousal and dominance, acronym PAD) which mediated approach-avoidance behaviours in the environment and were adopted in majority of studies in emotional respond. The Relationship between Emotions and Shopping Behaviours There are some debates in the study of the relationship between emotions induced by a particular environment and shopping behaviours in this environment. The rest of the chapter will respectively exam the related findings based on three emotional states proposed in the M-R model. Pleasure Donovan and Rossiter (1982) concluded that store-induced pleasure was a powerful determinant of approach-avoidance behaviours within the store and also showed moderate relationships with specific within-store behavioural intentions: time (Coefficient=.51) and spend (Coefficient =.40). Afterwards, Donovan et al. (1994) extended that study and demonstrated shoppers’ emotional states within the store can predict actual purchase behaviour, not only just attitudes or intentions. That is, pleasure is significantly related to extra time and unplanned spending in pleasant environment. What the foregoing suggests is that pleasantness has a consistently positive effect on shopping behaviour in the literature. Arousal Arousal dimension, refers to store-induced feelings of alertness and excitement, was found not consistent with the two studies between Donovan and Rossiter (1982) and Donovan et al. (1994). In Donovan and Rossiter’s (1982) study which involved different types of retail stores, arousal was not significantly related to approach-avoidance behaviours, but according to the M-R model, arousal should be hypothesized to interact conditionally with pleasure. After given a pleasant store environment, arousal emerged as a significant predictor of approach intentions for time (Coefficient=.40) and the regression coefficient for spend (Coefficient=.18) was also in the right direction but did not reach significant. In other words, inducement of arousal amplifies approach behaviour in pleasant store environment and enlarges avoidance behaviour in unpleasant store environment. Hence, emotional states sometimes can be presented by some combination of two major dimensions: pleasure and arousal. However, Donovan et al. (1994) failed to confirm this relationship in the study conducted only in discount stores. First, arousal was not significant in pleasant environment. Second, arousal approached significance for unplanned spending, but in the negative direction. From Kaltcheva and Weitz’s (2006) point of view, this inconsistent finding implied arousal effects might be moderated by a previously unidentified situational variable, namely, the consumers’ motivational orientation. They have conducted two experiments using ANOVA on those three elements, motivational orientation, arousal and pleasantness to confirm the interactive effect. Finally, it was concluded that arousal and motivational orientation had an interactive effect which was mediated by pleasantness on shopping behaviour. Specifically, high arousal environments, which create rich shopping experiences, have a positive effect on pleasantness for recreation-oriented motivational consumers. Conversely, aro usal had no significant effect on shopping behaviour intentions with regard to task-oriented consumers. Dominance The dominance factor is usually been deleted when using the M-R model. Although Donovan and Rossiter (1982) retained the initial tridimensional (PAD) classification, the analysis indicated that the dominance dimension was not significantly related to any of the approach-avoidance measures apart from the general regression results. Furthermore, a slight negative relationship between dominance and spend was shown, but that result was very tentative because it was based on two of the weakest measure (Coefficient Alpha .7). In contrast to regarding the role of dominance as unimportant, several authors supported that future theory development should include it as a vital emotion influencing shopping behaviour. One reason for that is a new relationship between dominance and shopper behaviour has found in certain types of consumers. As Babin and Darden (1995) stated, feelings of dominance could significantly alter shopping behaviour among those in self-regulation and it only affected state -oriented shoppers who possessed a cognitive structure guided more by social and emotional elements of some internal or external state. The other reason attributes to the poor scope of consumer settings was employed which leaded to the disappointing results for dominance (Foxall and Greenley, 1999). After employing Mehrabian-Russell’s approach to environmental psychology based on a systematic theory of consumer situations, namely the Behavioural Perspective Model (BPM), the relationships between dominance and approach (positive) and dominance and avoidance (negative) appeared. Therefore, those results support the adoption of the BPM model in environmental consumer research, which makes a contribution to the selection of a range of consumer situations and the distinction between open and closed consumer behaviour settings. To summarize, two generally recognized findings were drawn in the study of the relationship between emotions induced by a particular environment and shopping behaviours. First, shoppers’ emotions can be largely represented by the pleasure and arousal factors (Donovan and Rossiter, 1982; Donovan et al., 1994) and the dominance dimension seems to be important for certain types of shoppers and retail settings (Babin and Darden, 1995; Foxall and Greenley, 1999). Second, those three emotional states, mainly pleasure and arousal dimensions, affect a variety of shopping behaviours and outcomes, including extra time spent and actual unplanned spending (Donovan and Rossiter, 1982; Donovan et al., 1994). Discussion of Other Previous Findings Apart from some important findings discussed in the previous chapter, issues of multiple effects of store environment and moderating role of consumer characteristics were also considered in the previous research. Meanwhile, several propositions for future research will be suggested. Multiple effects of store environment The effects of store environment elements could be complex and they could influence shoppers’ behaviours through their impacts on emotion (PAD), cognition (attention, evaluations, information search, etc.) and physiological state (Lam, 2001). With the exception of Donovan et al. (1994), all studies discussed in this thesis are only focus on the emotional effects of store environment on behaviours. In Donovan et al.’s (1994) research, they investigated the multiple effects (emotional factors and cognitive factors) of store environment simultaneously. By adding the emotional variables to the cognitive variables to predict the change in extra time, the variance accounted for increased from (a non-significant) 5% (F=1.72) to (a significant) 21% (F=3.62), and to the prediction of unplanned spending, went up from 18% (F=4.34) to 35% (F=6.40) (both significant). Hence, those results explain that the effects of the emotional factors of pleasure and arousal can be additional to cognitive factors such as quality, variety, specialing and value for money.   It was displayed that some environmental elements may have multiple impacts on shoppers’ behaviours. Therefore, it is worth studying the single and hybrid effects and analysing which is the primary effect in a particular environment. Moderating role of consumer characteristics Due to the fact that researchers used the environment of different stores as manipulations in their analysis, many considerable works about store-based emotions’ consequences were addressed (Lam, 2001). Though Donovan and Rossiter (1982) suggested that the impact of individual differences should also be pursued especially in the same physical environment, relatively little attention been given to the effect of personal characteristics on the relationship between shoppers’ emotions and behaviours in the environment. Donovan et al. (1994) only considered that effect at the stage of collecting the data. They selected shoppers who were relatively unfamiliar with the store as their sample to minimize self-selection effects on their findings. In addition, Babin and Darden (1995) regarded this topic by concerning the role of individual differences and ultimately examined consumer self-regulation as a partial explanation for the variance in consumer behaviour and postshopping e valuations. In sum, the moderated role of consumer characteristics has extended the knowledge concerning the effects of retail environment on behaviour. However, consumer self-regulation is just one of the factors of consumer characteristics, so many other elements could be developed in future research, for example, consumer shopping experiences with the store. Variable reactions in the same environment may be performed between new consumers and regular consumers. New customers may more rely on some tangible cues and merchandise because of their little knowledge or experience about other attributes of the store environment. Methodology It is widely known that the correlation between explanatory variables and the experimental design will has an influence on the power of hypothesis testing and validity of the conclusion. In terms of the data analysis, although all the journal articles reviewed here used quantitative methodology, qualitative methodology was also adopted by others (Lam, 2001); for example, using the method of in-depth interview with shoppers or participant observations to record their responses to the environment. With regard to sample selection and situational manipulation, methods applied in earlier studies were limited in three aspects. Firstly, the sample was confined to student (Donovan and Rossiter, 1982; Kaltcheva and Weitz’s, 2006). Second, verbal descriptions of situations were employed or a simulated store environment was created rather than exposing respondents to actual consumer environments (Babin and Darden, 1995; Foxall and Greenley, 1999; Kaltcheva and Weitz’s, 2006). Third, the study is lack of theoretical coherence, relying on invented situations rather than conceptually linked environments. However, some authors have made some improvements in their researches. For example, Donovan et al. (1994) impressively overcame two of these limitations by using actual consumers (60 female shoppers) in real consumer settings (at two discount department stores), but the generality of their findings was lower because it was only conducted in one type of store environment. Lik ewise, Kaltcheva and Weitz (2006) improved two limitations by employing 142 actual consumers who responded to and selecting a range of consumer situations based systematically on the BPM framework. Although the coefficients of the test were small, all results of three emotional dimensions were significant and in the predicted direction, however, their research did not overcome all those three limitations. In order to increase the external validity, future research could incorporate actual consumer settings to the range of BMP-generated environment instead of simulated environments because verbal descriptions can be value-laden (Baker et al., 1992). Moreover, Belk (1975b) suggested that the best means of manipulation is to ‘combine written descriptions of features with visual and auditory input of physical and social surroundings. References Babin, B. J. and Darden, W. R. (1995), ‘Consumer Self-Regulation in a Retail Environment.’ Journal of Retailing, Vol. 71 (1), pp. 47-70. Baker, J., Levy, M. and Grewal, D. (1992), ‘An Experimental Approach to Making Retail Store Environmental Decisions,’ Journal of Retailing, Vol. 68 (4), pp. 445-60. Belk, R. W. (1975a), ‘The Objective Situation as a Determinant of Consumer Behaviour,’ in Mary Jane Schlinger (ed.), Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 2, Chicago: Association for Consumer Research. Belk, R. W. (1975b), ‘Situational Variables and Consumer Behaviour.’ Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 2 (December), pp. 157-164. Donovan, R. J. and Rossiter, J. R. (1982), ‘Store Atmosphere: An Environmental Psychology Approach.’ Journal of Retailing, Vol. 58 (1), pp. 34-57. Donovan, R. J., Rossiter, J. R., Marcoolyn, G. and Nesdale, A. (1994), ‘Store Atmosphere and Purchasing Behaviour.’ Journal of Retailing, Vol. 70 (3), pp. 283-294. Foxall, G. R. and Greenley, G. E. (1999), ‘Consumers Emotional Responses to Service Environments.’ Journal of Business Research, Vol. 46, pp. 149-158. Kaltcheva, V. D. and Weitz, B. A. (2006), ‘When Should a Retailer Create an Exciting Store Environment?’ Journal of Marketing, Vol. 70 (January), pp. 107-118. Lam, S. Y. (2001), ‘The Effects of Store Environment on Shopping Behaviours: A Critical Review.’ Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 28, pp. 190-196.

Recommendation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recommendation Report - Essay Example The two investors sued Bright Light for failure to honor their contract and fraudulently obtaining money from them. With evidence and witnesses having presented and appeared before the duly, the court ordered that I should conduct a thorough investigation and auditing of Bright Light company. In interviewed Thomas and Pius Longman, the CEO of Bright light. During my investigations, I found out that Bright Light had actually used Thomas in several occasions in order to manipulate its records in order to please investors. I recommend that Bright Light directed to refund the money they owe the plaintiffs. Additionally all their dividends must be paid in full in reference to the contract. On the other hand, Thomas should be subjected to the full force of the law. In addition, he should be barred from participating into any form of transactions by any of the auditing firm for the next three years. Key words: fraud, Bright Light consultant firm, manipulation of company’s records, pl ease investors. Introduction Mr. Mark Thomas was an accountant at Bright Light consultant firm. Several allegations were raised in regard to allegations of fraud by the company. In essence, in the bid by the company to develop and maintain competitive advantage, it resulted into venturing into fabricating fake accounting documents in order to attract more shareholders. In 2012, Mr. Thomas was in charge of the accounting department. ... This dubious act was intended to build confidence of potential investors in Bright Light performance. Consequently, many people invested in the company with expectations that they would get good returns in regard to the good performance record portrayed by the company. Nevertheless, this act of fraud by Bright Light would not last for long before the scandal was revealed by some investors after the company failed to honor its agreement with the investors in relation to payments of dividends due by the end of their first year they entered into a contract with the company. As a result of these deliberations, two investors sued Bright Light for failure to honor their contract and fraudulently obtaining money from them. With evidence and witnesses having presented and appeared before the duly, the court ordered that I should conduct a thorough investigation and auditing of Bright Light company. Specifically, the court wanted me to find answers to the following questions: 1. Did Thomas en gage in manipulating records? 2. If yes, why did he do that? 3. Was the company CEO aware of these accounts? 4. What is the best way to deal with such incidences if proved to be there? Results With such accounts, it is evident that Bright Light had ventured into dangerous business that put Thomas into controversy especially when it came to having a dilemma on whether he would keep the secret in order to retain his job or on the other hand, to tell the truth in order to save hundreds of investors who had invested in Bright Light. Studies have indicated that, in the accounting sector, it is crucial for persons in this profession to exercise the highest level of honesty and accountability when discharging their mandates (Hoffman, 1996;

The 4As Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The 4As - Essay Example 4A’s always attempts to improve the agency business. With 750 members and 1250 branch offices, approximately 80% of 4A’s members are placed in all national advertising agencies. Virtually all of the large multinational agencies are members of the 4A’s. While at the same time, along with addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders, the organization fulfills its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as well. The association represents advertising agency business to public service work of the Advertising Council, Inc. and Spencer, AAAA Educational Foundation which offers allowances and fellowship to graduate multicultural learners studying advertising at college or graduate school levels. It also runs a group insurance and group pension/profit sharing plan for the benefit of employees in agencies. 4A’s has its individual composition of constitution, mission statement, by-laws and standards of practice approved by the Board of Directors along with membership together (American Association of Advertising Agencies, 2013). Mission and Purpose of 4A’s The mission of 4A’s is to improve and to strengthen the advertising agency business in the United States by counselling members on operations and management by offering collective experience of the many to each. It strives to establish high creativity and business standards by attracting quality workforce to the business. Considering itself as a management oriented agency, the association is focused on providing leadership, support and assistance to the advertising community in serious areas such as compensation, agency operation, talent management, business development, government policy and technology. The organization divides its purpose in short-term and long-term bases. Short-term goal includes endorsing friendly relations within the entire associated agencies and maintaining as well as preserving honesty along with fairness. Moreover, working with the govern ment and consumers on matters which affect advertising is also a key short-term goal. Long-term goal includes fostering social responsibility of advertising and marketing, and fostering scientific research along with innovation to continually improve advertising. Moreover, to provide their members with unlimited access to their full time team of information specialist, which helps a client to meet all the secondary research needs, such as industry statics, creative work, and demographic data, original research, surveys and white papers, comes under their prime purpose (American Association of Advertising Agencies, 2013; SlideShare Inc, 2013). Services Offered by 4A’s 4A’s provides insurance and pension/profit sharing plan for the welfare of their associates in agencies. The agency is mainly involved in planning, producing, creating advertisement and performing research along with selecting media. The 4A’s runs its own research departments. Consulting and advisor y services on a variety of management related topics, training and professional development programmes and research services, including access to specialists and numerous databases are a few more services offered by 4A’s. 4A’s devotes a part of its time and energy in facilitating government on matters that have an impact on advertising and marketing communication industry. It has committed a substantial effort in creating responsible practices in two vital areas, food and beverage related advertising to the children along

Progress report on internet abuse and employee productivity case study Essay Example for Free

Progress report on internet abuse and employee productivity case study Essay The internet has able to improve business by increasing productivity because of improved information dissemination and decision-making, however employers are concerned by employees who use it for their personal and social needs during working hours which occurs because the workplace give them a sense of privacy. The monitoring of employee internet use has created tensions between employers, who monitor employee use to protect data leakage and check employee productivity, and employees, who feel a breach of trust whenever monitored, who suggest that casual internet use is not detrimental, and who have felt emotional and physical problems because of monitoring. The internet has had significant impact in the 1995 economic boom despite studies which show that this is only felt in the microeconomic level. A UN report has shown that American employees are less productive than their European and Asian counterparts because they cannot improve side-by-side with the effects of Moore’s Law. Organizations which have put in investments in technology improvements have not felt the supposed exponential increase in revenue and increase in market share because they have not reduced input resources such as the number of employees and that their employees have not increased in knowledge or productivity. It was suggested that to reduce productivity losses non-internet tasks should increase, productivity benchmark methods revised and incentives given to productive employees. IT was also suggested that to avoid employee-employer conflicts, the employer must give ample time for internet use, enforce a written internet and e-mail use policy, forge a company website that will help employees to finish tasks, and keep a friendly working atmosphere. The employees in turn must not use the internet often for personal use and enhance their productivity in line with the company’s premier interests. I have completed the entire research project and found out that employee and employer relations can be resolved following my proposed guidelines which I have made after preceding research from articles in magazines and books. I have found that employees regard monitoring as a beach of trust and had felt emotional tolls during monitoring by their bosses. Employers on the other hand only move to monitor to ensure the security of company data. I have found out that employee productivity has decreased with the increase in IT investments among companies. I have proposed guidelines and suggestions basing on my readings to decrease worker productivity losses. Work Completed I found this survey conducted by Mercer Management Consulting and have gathered that companies though they have invested much on improving technology to increase their business’ efficiency, have not yet felt the projected increase in sales. I have gathered from an article on The Economist that according to the joint research venture between MIT and U Penn the paradox that is the decrease of worker productivity despite increase in IT investments can be attributed to the factors they have laid out. This information I have placed under Technology vs. Productivity. After connecting ideas, and finding the real root of this paradox, I have now searched for references to build a suitable to-do list for employers and employees to resolve the worker productivity losses. I read a New York Times copy dated February 9, 2000, with an article saying that employers who give incentives to productive employees contributed to the increase in US productivity in the 2nd quarter of 1999. I have gathered form a copy of PC week that filtering and monitoring policies increased productivity of employees, from this idea I suggested in my research paper that employers must impose strict e-mail and internet use policy. Conclusion After so much consideration of facts, I have come up with a research paper that will explain the problems of employee productivity and internet abuse and guide employees and employers while joining forces to reduce productivity losses. Reference Gupta, Jatinder, and Sushil Sharma. â€Å"Improving Worker’s Productivity and Reducing Internet Abuse. † The Journal of Computer Information Systems 44. 2 (2004): 75-78.

anorexia nervosa :: essays research papers

Anorexia nervosa Overview | Treatment | Images Definition An eating disorder associated with a distorted body image that may be caused by a mental disorder. Inadequate calorie intake results in severe weight loss (see also bulimia and intentional weight loss). Alternative names Eating disorder - anorexia nervosa Causes, incidences, and risk factors The exact cause of this disorder is not known, but social attitudes towards body appearance and family factors play a role in its development. The condition affects females more frequently, usually in adolescence or young adulthood. Gorging followed by vomiting (spontaneous or self-induced) and inappropriate use of laxatives or diuretics are behaviors that may accompany this disorder. Risk factors are being Caucasian, having an upper or middle economic background, being female, and having a goal-oriented family or personality. The incidence is 4 out of 100,000 people. Prevention In some cases, prevention may not be possible. Encouraging healthy, realistic attitudes toward weight and diet may be helpful. Sometimes, counselling can help. Symptoms  · weight loss of 25% or greater  · cold intolerance  · constipation  · menstruation, absent  · skeletal muscle atrophy  · loss of fatty tissue  · low blood pressure  · dental cavities  · increased susceptibility to infection  · blotchy or yellow skin  · dry hair, hair loss  · depression (may be present http://health.yahoo.com/health/dc/000362/0.html Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a serious, potentially life-threatening eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss. Anorexia Nervosa has five primary symptoms:  · Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for height, body type, age, and activity level.  · Intense fear of weight gain or being "fat."  · Feeling "fat" or overweight despite dramatic weight loss.  · Loss of menstrual periods in girls and women post-puberty.  · Extreme concern with body weight and shape. The chances for recovery increase the earlier anorexia nervosa is detected. Therefore, it is important to be aware of some of the warning signs of anorexia nervosa. Warning Signs of Anorexia Nervosa:  · Dramatic weight loss.  · Preoccupation with weight, food, calories, fat grams, and dieting .  · Refusal to eat certain foods, progressing to restrictions against whole categories of food (i.e., no carbohydrates, etc.).  · Frequent comments about feeling "fat" or overweight despite weight loss.  · Anxiety about gaining weight or being "fat."  · Denial of hunger.  · Development of food rituals (i.e., eating foods in certain orders, excessive chewing, rearranging food on a plate).  · Consistent excuses to avoid mealtimes or situations involving food.  · Excessive, rigid exercise regimen--despite weather, fatigue, illness, or injury, the need to "burn off" calories taken in.

Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies Essay

Examine Apple’s current position on the company’s ethical and social responsibilities, and determine whether or not the company has met these responsibilities. Provide two (2) examples that support your position. In addition to maximizing profits, one of the main objectives to many corporations today is to be well known for their responsible management and ethical performance. Apple is one of the most important companies throughout the world because of its size and their innovative products and services (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). Nevertheless, innovation is what drives the sector development and the basis for the economic development. Furthermore, Apple has created about 514,000 jobs in 2011, which is an astronomical commitment to the economy (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). Additionally, because of their business model focusing on outsourcing and their product characteristics, Apple could summarize material issues in two categories: environmental impact and supply chain manageme nt (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). These issues seem to be the basis for understanding Apple’s corporate social responsibility. First, Apple products are designed to eliminate environmental impact, by using less energy consumption, small packages, and recycling methods (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). However, there are criticisms with the danger of some materials used for IPads or IPhones, and the development of material for production. When it comes to supply chain, Apple’s ethical performance policy aligning with the entire supply chain is very well explained. This goes further than the Foxconn scandal. According to Tyson (2013), â€Å"Foxconn, which is a popular Apple contractor for Apple, had terrible working conditions, where employees would rather kill themselves than build an Apple product. The lack of effective corporate governance and forceful establishments in where they do business has added to the challenges of the control of several suppliers, and high risk for the company when it comes to abusive labor practices and not complying with the law (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). Apple has the frameworks, and the information and understanding about their influence on society (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). The main challenge depends heavily on the control of that impact. Nevertheless, Apple seems to be acting as a rational corporate citizen (Sanchez-Barajas, 2012). Apple’s ambition concerning supply chain management is essential for a responsible business. Determine the impact that the  publication of ethics and social responsibilities violations made by Apple’s suppliers has had on Apple’s reputation. Support your response with examples of the impact in question. Apple developed their code of conduct in 2005 (Kaiser, 2012). It states â€Å"that working conditions in Apple’s supply chain are safe, that workers are treated with respect and dignity, and that manufacturing processes are environmentally responsible† (para. 3). Although their supplier code of conduct had great intentions, it was not being supported either by Apple or its major suppliers (Kaiser, 2012). For example, employees were complaining of working long hors in unsafe conditions with little pay (Kaiser, 2012). Foxconn, their supplier in Chengdu, China, was guilty in violating Apple’s supplier’s code of ethics. Many of the employees worked more than 60 hours per week. According to Kaiser (2012), sometimes there would be about 20 employees stuffed inside a three-bedroom apartment. Additionally, Foxconn were employing underage workers (Kaiser, 2012). Furthermore, the factories were poorly ventilated, and the factories were being flooded with aluminum dust from the machines that shines the casings for IPads Apple has been under fire since the Foxconn scandal. Neither the workers nor the factory leaders had much to say about the issue. Therefore, the problem lies with Apple. According to Karimova (2012), after checking Apple’s CSR policy there is more focus concerning the quality of products rather than the concerns of suppliers. According to Karimova (2012), more than 50% of the contractors being inspected by the company have disregarded the code at least one time annually since 2007. The company has been accused of turning the blind eye as their suppliers pollute the country of China (Hay, 2013). Toxic discharges have been trespassing the communities. These large volumes of discharge within the supply chain have caused great danger to the health and safety of the public. This was not the first time where Apple was scrutinized for environmental infractions and their secretive supply chain management in Chines manufacturing factories, where there products are assembled (Gray, 2013). Suggest two (2) methods that Apple can utilize to ensure that its suppliers adhere to wage and benefits standards going forward. Justify your response One method I wou ld suggest to Apple is to make sure that the suppliers are held accountable for any wrongdoings. My next suggestion would be for Apple to have surprise visits to their  supplier’s manufacturing facilities. Apple should start tracking the work hours of the suppliers themselves and not rely solely on what the supplier has to say. Furthermore the procurement team must interact with suppliers on a daily basis to make sure their labor demands are met. According to Supplier Responsibility (2014), Apple began tracking the weekly work hours for nearly 1 million workers; also they begin to publish their findings on a monthly basis. As a result, nearly 92% of contractors were in compliance with the company across all work weeks, and the average hour per week was under 50 hours (Supplier Responsibility, 2014). Next, Apple should not tolerate any form of underage labor. I would recommend no longer working with suppliers that have underage workers. This may mean moving their operations inside the United States. However, when Apple discovered that their suppliers had underage workers working for them, they demanded them to correct this problem immediately as part of [their] Underage Labor Remediatio n Program (Supplier Responsibility, 2014). If it is discovered that a supplier has underage workers, the supplier must retort that worker to an educational institution and fund their education to whichever institution they family chose (Supplier Responsibility, 2014). Additionally, the child would continue receiving compensation of what they were receiving while working for the supplier (Supplier Responsibility, 2014). I would also suggest that Apple follow up with the family to make sure the suppliers are holding up their end of the bargain. Determine whether or not you believe that Apple’s customers would be willing to pay more for its products if Apple had to increase selling prices in order to provide better wages and benefits for suppliers’ workers. Provide a rationale for your position I believe Apple customers would be willing to pay more for Apple products. This is all due to a simple concept called brand loyalty. Business dictionary (2014) defines brand loyalty as: â€Å"the extent of faithfulness of consumers to a particular brand, expressed through their repeat purchases, irrespective of the marketing pressure generated by the competing brand† (para. 1). I am a loyal customer of Apple. I own several Apple products, and I would be willing to pay increased prices for their products. Apple’s customers are so loyal that they will camp outside the Apple store waiting on the new release of the latest Apple product. Additionally, when there are problems with Apple products, consumers are very patient with Apple as they  resolve these issues (Goodson, 2011). They understand to the fact that technical issues will arise, and they will continue to buy the products regardless to any mistakes the company may make (Goodson, 2011). The late Steve Jobs was very passionate about Apple products, he always ensured that they were of the best quality and had an innovative design (Goodson, 2011). According to Goodson (2011), Brand loyalty is one of the main reasons Apple is so successful today. First, Apple has built relationships with their customers by being trustworthy and transparent (Goodson, 2011). Secondly, Apple has carried out some very innovative marketing strategies (Goodson, 2011). Furthermore, they do not focus on the actual product itself, however; they focus on what the product can do for the consumer. Apple’s mission statement is unique. It does not talk about their products, but what they actually believe in. It states: â€Å"Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative, software and Internet offerings† (Goodson, 2011, para. 11). The success of Apple is because their mission statement reverberates throughout every part of Apple’s operations (Goodson, 2011). Finally, passion and dedication goes into making Apple pro ducts, and people who buy those products understand. Analyze Apple’s current overall marketing strategy. Recommend two (2) actions that Apple can take in order to improve its competitive advantage in the global marketplace. Support your response with examples of instances where your recommendations yielded the desired results. Since the incorporation of Apple in 1977, investor/advisor, Mike Markkula created a 3-point marketing philosophy that has remained the core of the effectiveness of Apple today (Moorman, 2012). Here is Apple’s original 3 point according to Moorman (2012): 1.Empathy 2.Focus 3.Impute These principles made the company one of the worlds’ most valuable companies. (Moorman, 2012). Part of their marketing strategy is that they hire customer obsessed, empathetic employees. A major key to Apple’s success is that they create products that the customers are turned on to (Moorman, 2012). This  will usually mean that customers will get what they want because the employees are so enrooted in and committed to the experiences of the consumer. Next, Apple has enabled customer discovery and differentiation through retail stores (Moorman, 2012). Having retail store gives the company an opportunity to show off their design courageousness (Moorman, 2012). Lastly, Apple has conceived their business model that creates everlasting value for their customers (Moorman, 2012). One action to plan to ensure Apple maintains their competitive advantage in the industry is to lower the prices so people in various urban demographics can have the Apple experience. This strategy will allow Apple to capture high margins with early adopters and drive penetration among a broader, more price conscious audience at a later date (Stark & Stewart, 2012). Not every company has product launches that allow it to adopt this strategy, but there are always opportunities to evolve and re-price a successful product to address the needs of a new and different customer segment. Apple launched its most recent iPhone a year ago; it reduced the price of its 3G version to $99. Simultaneously, when it’s most recent launch of the new iPad, it reduced the price of the iPad 2 by $100. In both cases, Apple established a market for additional customer segments (Stark & Stewart, 2012). The second action plan I would suggest is to always focus on the future, and continue to focus on being the dominant player in the industry. As the company continues to create an innovative product, the expectations of consumers begin to rise. IPad sales for Apple’s fiscal first quarter increased 11% over the year-ago quarter, and the company still maintains 74% market share in tablets (Stark & Stewart, 2012). Apple competitors have created products similar to the IPad thinking they would gain an advantage over Apple. However, If Apple continues to create innovative products they will remain ahead of their competitors (Stark & Stewart, 2012). References Business Dictionary. (2014). Brand loyalty. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http://www.businessdictionary.com./definition/brand-loyalty.html. Goodson, S. (2011). Is brand loyalty the core to Apple’s success? Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http://www.forbes.com/sites/marketshare//2011/11/27/is-brand-loyalty-the-core0to-apples-success-2/ Hays, J. (2013). Apple and Foxconn: Work conditions, problems and changes. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat9/sub61/item2282.html. Kaiser, T. (2012). Report: Apple’s suppliers continuously violate code of conduct, Apple does nothing to change it. Retrieved Januray 22, 2014. From http://dailytech.com/report+Apples+suppliers+continously+violate+code+of+conduct+Apple+does+nothing+to+change+it/article23867.htm. Karimova, H. (2012). Apple’s road to innovation requires some sacrifice. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http://eoi.es/blogs/hokumakarimova/2012/05/13/apple%/E2%80%99s-road-to-innovation-requires-some-sacrifice/ Moorman, C. (2012). Why Apple is a great marketer. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http://www.forbes.com/sites/christinemoorman/2012/07/20/why-apple-is-a-great-marketer/2/ Sanchez-Barajas, D.P. (2012). Case st udy: Apple Inc. and the challenge of a social responsible management. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http://eois.es/blogs/dianapatriciasanchez/2012/05/28/case-study-apple-inc-and-the-challenge-of-a-social-responsible-management/ Stark, K. & Stewart, B. (2012). 3 strategies to adopt from Apple. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http://www.inc.com/karl-and-bill/3-strategies-to-adopt-from-apple.html Supplier Responsibility. (2014). If companies want to do business with us, they must act fairly and ethically at all times. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http://apple.com/supplierresponsibility/labor-and-human-rights.html. Tyson, B. (2013). A look at Apple’s record of corporate social responsibility. Retrieved January 22, 2014. From http://www.insidebusiness360.com/index.php/a-look-at-apples-records-of-corporate-social-responsibility-2611/

Outline How Material Things Essay

City Road is a big road filled with lots of different cultures, gender, class, age and history. When walking down the road it can be seen that the belonging and not belonging in the society. It opens your eyes as to what exactly goes on in different societies and City Road is a big street with a lot of demands and structures in it. Over the years society changed and so did the street. It goes by what is in demand, how society changes and by the vast majority of different cultures coming into the area. You see a lot of people trying to conform to the society and many trying to hold onto their own identities. First of all I’m going to talk about the Ethnicity on the street. We are going to the Xquisite Africa shop. Janet, the lady that owns the shop originates from Africa and moved to the UK over ten years ago. When she came to the UK she thought that she had to change her identity and conform to the society. She sells a lot of things from Africa and by doing this she gets to hold onto her identity of the African culture and also appeals to customers from the same ethnic background. She felt after being in the UK for ten years that she had lost her identity and so she decided to take a trip back home to Africa to re-charge her batteries as she puts it. She wanted to re-gain her culture that she so desperately lost. This aspect could help her re-gain her culture and identity and allows her to share this with the right clientele from a multi-racial background. She can share a state of belonging to a social group that has in common a national or cultural background, whilst negotiating with people on the complex of different identities. She contributes to the African social life and society as well as on City Road. Therefore promoting her African background and understanding there is no need to conform to the society and changing her identity. We then move onto class in the Municipal Club. A social stratum, whose members share a certain economic, social or cultural characteristics. For this instance the working class. It is aimed at the local residents and has over 100 years of history. A group containing members regarded as having certain attributes of traits in common has slowly disappeared and they long for the society to change back to what they believed it was. Whilst in the (DVD, Making social lives on City Road, 2009, scene 5) Lloyd Robson talks to couple of residents in the club and gets their insight of what is going on. He asked them if they thought the club had a future. They said no. no-one wants to know it anymore and even the members have started to lose interest. But because the society has changed it meant that they described city road as being dangerous and rough. They long for the past. They want it to go back to what they say it used to be or imagined it. The inequalities and differences that has changed and also the traditions has been lost. They lack the sense of belonging they used to have when City Road used to be theirs. Then we come across the Sanna Silk shop. This is where the female is favoured over the male. It’s a family business orientated around females as they sell and make dresses of different materials. They get to choose their type of material and their patterns. It is mainly focused at Asian women. In the (DVD, Making social lives on City Road, 2009, scene 6 by Raghuran) she says â€Å"it is a very different way of portraying Asian women than I often seen in the media. † They also have a section for jewellery. Most of their jewellery is 22 carat gold and is mainly aimed at the women. They also have a selection for their wedding day. So it has an Asian culture that is even though yes men go in to buy but is very female orientated. Conclusion Therefore in City Road, my examples favour female gender activities over male, is a very multi-racial area and favours specific class over others. Therefore explaining that society changes all of the time and conforms to whatever is more in demand in that specific time of era.

Identifying the Authors Purpose on a Standardized Test

Identifying the Author's Purpose on a Standardized Test Knowing what authors purpose questions look like is one thing. Finding it is quite another! On a standardized test, youll have answer choices to help you figure it out, but distractor questions will often confuse you. On a short answer test, youll have nothing but your own brain to figure it out, and sometimes it isnt as easy at it seems. It may be helpful to practice these types of questions while preparing for standardized tests. Look For Clue Words Figuring out why an author wrote a particular passage can be as easy (or as difficult) as looking at clues inside the passage. Ive mentioned in the What is the Authors Purpose article several different reasons an author would have to write a passage of text, and what those reasons mean. Below, youll find those reasons, with the clue words associated with them. Compare: Author wanted to show similarities between ideasClue Words: both, similarly, in the same way, like, just asContrast: Author wanted to show differences between ideasClue Words: however, but, dissimilarly, on the other handCriticize: Author wanted to give a negative opinion of an ideaClue Words: Look for words that show the authors negative opinion. Judgment words like bad, wasteful, and poor all demonstrate negative opinions. Describe/Illustrate: Author wanted to paint a picture of an ideaClue Words: Look for words that provide descriptive detail. Adjectives like red, lusty, morose, striped, sparkling, and crestfallen are all illustrative.Explain: Author wanted to break down an idea into simpler termsClue Words: Look for words that turn a complicated process into simple language. A descriptive text will use more adjectives. An explanatory text will usually be used with a complicated idea.Identify/List: Author wanted to tell the reader about an idea or series of ideasClue Word s: Text that identifies or lists, will name an idea or series of ideas without providing much description or opinion. Intensify: Author wanted to make an idea greaterClue Words: Text that intensifies will add more specific details to the idea. Look for superlative adjectives and bigger concepts. A baby sadly crying is descriptive, but a baby mournfully howling red-cheeked for 30 minutes is more intense.Suggest: Author wanted to propose an ideaClue Words: Suggest answers are usually positive opinions and try to sway the reader to believe. The author will provide a point, then use details to prove it.​ Underline the Clue Words It helps to use that pencil in your hand when youre reading if youre unsure what the authors purpose is. As you read, underline the clue words in the text to help you get a better idea. Then, either compose a sentence using the key words (compare, explain, illustrate) to show why the author wrote the piece or select the best answer from the choices given.

Understanding German Synonyms

Understanding German Synonyms This is a Thesaurus, not a dictionary! As in English, German words often have more than one meaning or take on a different meaning in various contexts.  For example, the German adjective  bà ¶se  can mean all of the following: angry, mad, mean, bad, evil, naughty, wicked, nasty, terrible. The German synonyms listed under   bà ¶se  may or may not carry the same meaning as well. In fact, most linguists claim there is no such thing as a true synonym because no two words can mean precisely the same thing. Terms listed as slang (sl.) or vulgar (vul.) should only be used if you really know what youre doing. Otherwise, you run the risk of just sounding stupid ( blà ¶d) and foolish (lcherlich).   Abbreviations:  adj.  (adjective),  adv.  (adverb),  sl.  (slang),  n.  (noun),  pl.  (plural),  v.  (verb),  vul.(vulgar)Noun genders  are indicated by r  (der, masc.),  e  (die, fem.),  s  (das, neu.) Items are listed alphabetically by their basic German terms (e.g.,  sprechen  under S or  gut  under G). A akzeptieren  v.   See  annehmen  below. annehmen  v.  Ã‚   adoptieren, akzeptieren, bejahen, billigen, entgegennehmen, gelten lassen, gutheißen, hinnehmen, nehmen auch  adv.  Ã‚   auch noch, desgleichen, dit(t)o, ebenfalls, ebenso, gleichfalls, gleichermaßen, noch dazu, noch obendrein B bà ¶se  adj./adv.  Ã‚   bà ¶sartig, boshaft, bà ¶swillig, heimtà ¼ckisch, schdlich, schlecht, schlimm, teuflisch, à ¼bel, ungut, verrgert, verletzend, verleumderisch, unerfreulich, weh bunt  adj./adv.  Ã‚   farbenfroh, farbig, farbenprchtig, gefrbt, grell, kaleidoskopisch, koloriert, kunterbunt, mehrfarbig, polychrom, vielfarbig D Danke,  danken  Ã‚   See:  10 Ways to Say Thank You in German denken  v.  Ã‚   glauben, halten von, meinen, nachdenken à ¼ber, à ¼berlegen, sich vorstellen umm  adj./adv.  Ã‚   aus Dummsdorf (sl.), beknackt (sl.), benommen, benebelt, bescheuert, blà ¶d, dmlich, deppert / teppert (S. Ger., Austria), doof, dumm wie Bohnenstroh, dà ¼mmer als die Polizei erlaubt, hirnlos, idiotisch, lcherlich, saublà ¶d, saudumm, schwach im Kopf, schwachkà ¶pfig, sinnlos, stockdumm, unintelligent r Dummkopf  n.   Ã‚   e/r Blà ¶de, r Blà ¶dmann, r Depp (S. Ger., Austria), r Doofi (sl.), r Doofmann, e/r Dumme, e (blà ¶de) Gans, r Idiot, kein großes Licht, r Narr, r Tor.  Ã‚   Also see  Versager. dunkel  adj.  Ã‚   abendlich, beschattet, dmmerig, dà ¼ster, finster, lichtlos, obskur, schattenhaft, schwarz, stockfinster, trà ¼be E einsam  adj./adv.  Ã‚   allein, leer, à ¶de, verlassen F fahren  v.  Ã‚   abfahren, befahren, bereisen, sich bewegen, dahinfahren, durchreisen, fliegen, fliessen, fà ¼hren, gehen, gleiten, kommen, losfahren, losgehen, pendeln, eine Reise machen, reisen, segeln, vergehen (Zeit), wandern, wegfahren, weggehen, weiterbefà ¶rdern, (viele Kilometer) zurà ¼cklegen freundlich  adj./adv.   Ã‚   angenehm, freundlicherweise, freundschaftlich, lieb, liebenswà ¼rdig, nett, sà ¼ÃƒÅ¸ froh  adj./adv.   Ã‚   See  glà ¼cklich  below. G gehen  v.  Ã‚   See  fahren  above. glà ¼cklich  adj./adv.  Ã‚   amà ¼siert, entzà ¼ckt, erfreulich, erfreulicherweise, erfreut, erleichtert, freudig, froh, frà ¶hlich, gelungen, gutmà ¼tig, gut gelaunt, heiter, hocherfreut, ohne Sorgen, selig, sorglos, unbekà ¼mmert, vergnà ¼gt, zufrieden groß  adj./adv.  Ã‚   ausgedehnt, bedeutend, betrchtlich, dick, enorm, erwachsen, gewaltig, gigantisch, großartig, hoch, immens, kolossal, krftig, lang, mchtig, riesig, total, umfangreich, unendlich, unermesslich, ungeheuer, weitreichend, wichtig gut  adj./adv.  Ã‚   angenehm, anstndig, artig, ausgezeichnet, brav, erfreulich, erfreulicherweise, geil (sl.), herrlich, klasse, lieb, OK, ordentlich, positiv, prima, schà ¶n, spitze, tadellos, toll H hsslich  adj./adv.  Ã‚   entsetzlich, gemein, grauenhaft, scheußlich, schrecklich, à ¼bel, unangenehm, unschà ¶n, wenig attraktiv heiß/warm  adj.  Ã‚   brennend, flammend, glà ¼hend, hitzig, schwà ¼l, siedend, sommerlich, tropisch warm  also has the meaning of queer, gay, or homosexual:  ein warmer Bruder a gay man; do not confuse the adjectives  schwà ¼l  (humid) and   schwul  (gay, homosexual). I intelligent  adj./adv.  Ã‚   aufmerksam, begabt, clever, einsichtig, gebildet, genial, gerissen, gescheit, geschickt, gewitzt, hell, klug, klugerweise, kultiviert, raffiniert, scharf, scharfsinnig, schlau, sinnvoll, vernà ¼nftig, unschicklich, vernà ¼nftig, weise J jetzt  adv.  Ã‚   eben, gerade, gleich, heutzutage, im Moment, nun, soeben, sofort, zur Zeit K kalt  adj.  Ã‚  Ã‚  temperature:  bitterkalt, eisig, eiskalt, frieren, frigid, frostig, gefroren, kà ¼hl, ungeheizt, verfroren  Ã‚  Ã‚  klirrende Klte  bitter cold  Ã‚  Ã‚  attitude:  bedenkenlos, bissig, bitter, entmenscht, erbarmungslos, frostig, gnadenlos, hart, insensibel, kà ¼hl, mitleidlos klar  adj.  Ã‚   deutlich, durchsichtig, eindeutig, evident, glasklar, hell, lesbar, luzid, markant, offenbar, przis, rein, sachlich, selbstverstndlich, sonnig, transparent, unmissverstndlich, unzweideutig, verstehbar e Kleidung  n.  Ã‚   e Bekleidung, e Klamotten (pl.,  sl.), e Kleider (pl.), e Tracht, e Wsche klein  adj./adv.  Ã‚   bescheiden, bisschen, diminutiv, dà ¼nn, fein, gering, geringfà ¼gig, gnomenhaft, Klein- (Kleinauto, Kleinasien, Kleingeld, usw.), im Kleinen, kleinbà ¼rgerlich, kleinlich, klitzeklein, kurz, in Miniatur, Mini- (Minibar, usw.), Miniatur- (Miniaturausgabe, usw.), minimal, minuzià ¶s, nicht groß, niedrig, schmal, schwach, sekundr, unwichtig, winzig, zwergenhaft klug  adj./adv.  Ã‚   See  intelligent. kommen  v.  Ã‚   anfahren, angefahren kommen, ankommen, erreichen, fahren, hereinkommen, mitkommen L leicht  adj./adv.  Ã‚   einfach, kinderleicht, nicht schwer, nicht streng, sparsam lustig  adj./adv.  Ã‚   amà ¼sant, amà ¼sierend, amà ¼siert, belustigt, heiter, humoristisch, komisch (Caution! also means odd or strange), spaßhaft, spaßig, spielerisch, ulkig, vergnà ¼glich, witzig, zum Lachen

Focused Questions Various groups Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Focused Questions Various groups - Coursework Example Jerrel was the older one. â€Å"Identical like twins my sweet pumpkins!†- their mother used to say adoringly. Growing up in the 60s and 70s transitioning era, Cedric and Jerrel saw the decades of struggle for Black rights and liberation yielding fruit. There were various changes that were happening. The Supreme Court passed a ruling that segregation of schools according to races was not constitutional; consequently significant desegregation of schools took place in the latter half of the 1960s. It was exciting for Jerrel and Cedric to befriend â€Å"the White people† and to be treated their equals. The young American African brothers were keen and witty and excelled academically. It was heartening for their parents to see the trend in the 1960s that greater number of Blacks was being enrolled in colleges. Jerrel and Cedric saw their elder cousins, and later on themselves, working their way through respectable colleges and getting good degrees (â€Å"Unrest in the State †, 1974). The Black middle-class family typically characterized of the husband, who had two jobs. If the wife was working, she was not given long maternity leaves after childbirth and had to come back to birth almost after it. Such was the case with Leonard and Sophia. Leonard was a preacher by profession but also used to work in a bakery in the evenings. The extra money that he made from the bakery was used both for small charity works that Leonard did and to provide for the family. Sophia had also been working since before she got married to Leonard. However being a Black, she had tougher work restrictions that her White colleagues. She was given shorter maternity leaves and often complained to her husband of workplace discrimination. Migration trends out of the South continued in the 1960s but the era also witnessed an increment in the relative wages of African American workers. At the start of the 1960s, the average African American with Bachelors received about 60% of the income of their White counterparts (Fuchs, 1990). The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is attributed to the gains in wages. Thereby, when Jerrel and Cedric entered professional lives, their mother would gloat with pride at the fact that her sons made a respectable living. The transitioning period of the 60s and 70s was characteristic of a rise in the life expectancy of Blacks and important antidiscrimination initiatives were also undertaken (Backend, 2010). Nevertheless, life for young black men was tough. Most were in prisons when they got their high school equivalency and the number of black men who went to college was significantly less than the number of black women (Welch, Gruhl, Comer & Rigdon, 2008). Despite the problems in the society, Jerrel and Cedric managed to stay out of prison and lead a relatively crime-free youth. Another change that was apparent in the second half of the 20th century was the increase in single-parent Black households. A phenomenon that was seen in African American households in the 1960s was fatherlessnesss. Female-headed households and illegitimacy, although common in the American society, became an accepted norm amongst the Black community (Committee on Appropriations United States Senate, 2005; Schumacher, 2008). Cedric and Jerrel’s family could not stay immune to it for long. However it was not because Leonard followed carnal desires as was common amongst married Blacks. He decided that he wanted to go on a preaching mission. He left his two sons and his wife with some of his savings

Family Violence across the Lifespan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family Violence across the Lifespan - Essay Example My reading of this chapter has benefited me a lot. I have learned that ethnic minorities should be treated with care to avoid oppressing them. Professionally, this knowledge will help me interact well with such people. Such activities will promote the ethnic diversity in various communities. In the same token, the knowledge will assist in providing professional support to women who go through battering in their homes. Most importantly, I will comfortably offer assistance to my battered sister who is suffering in her marriage in a foreign country. The discussion on domestic violence is grave to the world as it will provide guidelines for the formulation of appropriate legislations to protect women from issues of forced early marriages, rape, and domestic violence among other atrocities women are subjected to by males in the communities. The chapter depicts that family violence affects all professions across the board. It will also serve to enlighten both men and women of the c role women play in our societies. Lawmakers will apply this research to enhance the place of a girl child in the society as well as defend the rights of the homosexuals to salvage them from the aggression of the majority who demean them because of their sexual orientations. In the recent past, homosexuality and equality have elicited heated debates, activists calling for better treatment of such minorities in the communities. Additionally, the knowledge will help societies overcome the extremism we are experiencing today and the massive influx of homos exuals in the communities.