Jane Eyre and a Tale of Two Cities Comparative Essay

Samuel Peter Buckelew III Honors English III Dr. Williams September 1, 2011 Summer Reading Comparative Essay Intro: Many would agree that love is blind, but if this is true how can it have the ability to allow people to see and feel things untouched by other emotions. It has the power to make any given person do extraordinary things, the ability to transform or destroy anybody completely all in one emotion, one thing is for sure, it gives people a greater purpose for existence, a reason to live and die for, something beyond them to devote their life. Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontà « and A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens, are two popular, classic examples of love. Thesis: While both novels have a central theme of love, Jane Eyre†¦show more content†¦Charles Darnay showed a lot of confidence when he was expressing his love for Lucie to Dr. Manette. For example when Mr. Darnay says to Dr. Manette, It is a tone of fervent admiration, true homage, and deep love, Doctor Manette! he said deferentially. When Mr. Darnay said this, it showed how much confidence he has to tell this to Dr. Manette. That even though the outcome may not be what he wants he still tells him. It also shows just how much he cares for Lucie and her loved ones and that his love for her is strong. Charles Darnay loves Lucie he does not want to get in between their relationship she has with her father. Dr. Manette’s stay in prison rekindled his relationship with his daughter. Therefore, he tells that to Dr. Manette so he knows that that is not what his intentions are. He just wants to express his love for Lucie. In addition, the way Mr. Darnay told Dr. Manette sho ws that his intentions are good and his love for Lucie is very real. The last thing Charles wants is to break their relationship. All he wants is to share their lives together. For example, when Charles Darnay was explaining his intentions to Dr. Manette,...I look only to sharing your fortune, sharing your life and home, and being faithful to you to death. Not to divide with Lucie her privileges as your child, companion and friend; but to come in aid of it, and bind her closer to you, if such this can be. Meaning if Lucie decides to beShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesoutline[edit] A Bildungsroman relates the growing up or coming of age of a sensitive person who goes in search of answers to life s questions with the expectation that these will result from gaining experience of the world. The genre evolved from folklore tales of a dunce or youngest son going out in the world to seek his fortune. Usually in the beginning of the story there is an emotional loss which makes the protagonist leave on his journey. In a Bildungsroman, the goal is maturity, and the protagonist

The Atomic Bomb Was The Most Destructive Thing On The...

The atomic bomb was the most destructive thing on the planet at that time. It had the power â€Å"equal to 12-15,000 tons of TNT† or a â€Å"22-kiloton blast† (Bombing Of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) depending on which of the two atomic bombs are being talked about. Using the atomic weapons is something that should not be taken lightly and does not come without consequences, though. However, ending a war or shortening it by any means necessary is a just cause, but to effectively do so a decision must be made on how exactly to end it, the short-term effects must be known and the long term effects must be considered as well. The decision to use atomic weapons stemmed from President Roosevelt wanting to not waste any time in becoming one of the first countries to successfully develop an atomic weapon. President Roosevelt knew that Germany had achieved atomic fission in 1938 and were still secretly working on their atomic experiments. He feared that Germany was ahead of the United States when it came to developing an atomic weapon and if they were the first to successfully weaponize atomic energy, it would mean trouble for the Allies. The reason President Roosevelt wanted to be the first successful country to use atomic weapons is because it would be â€Å"a great new instrument for shortening the war and minimizing destruction† (Stimson). President Roosevelt and his advisors knew that by the time their atomic bomb would be created, the war with Germany would be nearing its final moments, so theShow MoreRelatedShouls Every Country Have the Right to Possess of Nuclear Weapons?930 Words   |  4 Pag escity of Hiroshima. The only cargo aboard that B-29 bomber was an atomic bomb waiting on its target. At 8.15am the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, taking 140,000 lives with it. Most of the 140,000 died instantly, horrifyingly the rest of the innocent civilians that were not in direct contact with the bomb died painful deaths in the four months following. They died from radiation sickness and different types of cancers. Whilst the atomic bomb is considered as one of the greatest inventions of all timeRead MoreNuclear Power And Nuclear Weapons1530 Words   |  7 PagesAll around the world, parts of the human population have been able to create nuclear power; a type of energy that is integrated into atomic energy. Almost 60 years ago, had the commencement of the Manhattan Project begun on the development of the first nuclear weapon. 60 years later, 9 countries alone possess a total of over 23,000 nuclear weapons which is enough to wipe out the human population many times over. This type of power can be found in nuclear plants but has now developed into an extremelyRead MoreThe World s First Nuclear Explosion Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesThe world’s first nuclear explosion was the product of the discovery of plutonium, a man-made element created in nuclear reactors. Plutonium is created when an atom of uranium-238 absorbs a neutron and transforms into plutonium-239 (P-239). The reactor th en generates the neutrons within a controlled chain reaction. For the neutrons to be absorbed by the uranium, their speed must be slowed while passing through a substance that is a moderator. Graphite and heavy water have been used in the past asRead MoreAtomic Bomb: Introduction of Nuclear Weapon3290 Words   |  14 PagesIn ww2 , the  atomic bomb  was dropped on japan to put an immediate end to the war and not draw other countries (i.e. the soviet union or china) into fighting combatively against the U.S. As far as foreign relations go, it proved to the world that the U.S was the most powerful country in that time ( superpower) . This also relates to several years later during the cold war. It prompted the Soviet Union to develop their own nuclear warfare. (i.e us comes out with hydrogen bomb and a year later USSRRead MoreAtomic Bomb: Introduction of Nuclear Weapon3278 Words   |  14 PagesIn ww2 , the  atomic bomb  was dropped on japan to put an immediate end to the wa r and not draw other countries (i.e. the soviet union or china) into fighting combatively against the U.S. As far as foreign relations go, it proved to the world that the U.S was the most powerful country in that time ( superpower) . This also relates to several years later during the cold war. It prompted the Soviet Union to develop their own nuclear warfare. (i.e us comes out with hydrogen bomb and a year later USSRRead MoreThe Explosive Nuclear Dilemma? Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesThe Explosive Nuclear Dilemma? The world’s first nuclear explosion was made by plutonium. Plutonium is a man-made element that is produced in nuclear reactors. Plutonium is created when an atom of uranium-238 absorbs a neutron and transforms into plutonium-239. The reactor then generates the neutrons within a controlled chain reaction. For the neutrons to be absorbed by the uranium, their speed must be slowed while passing through a substance that is a moderator. Graphite and heavy water have beenRead MoreFrom Chernobyl to Fukushima Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pagesfault lines, Japanese are accustomed to these shudder and shakes but something was different on March 11th. Moments later a low rumble from the east came, the Pacific Ocean. People began to see a ragged white line in the horizon, within minutes a monstrous wall of waves came sweeping in, clawing across the land destroying everything in its path. If that wasn’t enough, a nuclear accident arose after a power plant was struck. Nightmares wi thin two minutes turned into reality. Only debris remainedRead MoreThe Causes of Semantic Change1637 Words   |  7 Pagessemantic change is impossible unless the whys and wherefores become known. This is of primary importance as it may lead eventually to a clearer, interpretation of language development. The vocabulary is the most flexible part of the language and it is precisely its semantic aspect that responds most readily to every change in the human activity in whatever sphere it may happen to take place. The causes of semantic changes may be grouped under two main headings, linguistic and extra linguistic ones. OfRead MoreEssay on A Cruelty Beyond Comprehension: The Bombing of Hiroshima1820 Words   |  8 PagesIn the late summer of 1945 the decision was made to vaporize over 70,000 Japanese civilians with a single nuclear payload dropped on a city possessing virtually no strategic value. It is estimated over 100,000 more civilians died as a direct result of this bombing in the years that followed. The rationalizations and excuses made to justify the act are myriad. Some say that it saved lives, that it shortened the war. Others say it was justified revenge for the Japanese attack on the naval base at PearlRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Atomic Bomb2431 Words   |  10 Pageswinning WWII was tempered by the realization that science had just created a weapon that could wipe nations off the face of the earth. The atomic bomb, if other countries obtained the technology, could bring abou t a nuclear holocaust. This fear of technology could have stymied scientific progress post WWII. However, going into the Cold War, people once again put their hope in science and looked at scientific progress as a measure of whether they were beating the Soviet Union. This was most evident in

The Existence Of God s Existence - 1339 Words

As rational human beings, we often find ourselves questioning almost everything that we come across throughout our lives. From simple questions to complex questions, many strive to find proofs or evidence to appease our minds. Questions like â€Å"What is our purpose?† or â€Å"Why or how is the world created?† are some of the general questions that typically lead to the idea of God. The existence of God is one of the most sought out topic that is frequently inquired. Is there really a God or is God merely a concept humans created to explain the unexplainable? And if God does exist, what makes him different from the rest of us? A well-known philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, introduced five proofs including the Cosmological Arguments of God’s existence, as well as explained some divine qualities that are associated with God. The nature of God’s existence is often questioned by many. Some believe that there is a God, while others question or oppose Godâ€⠄¢s actuality. Individuals often have their own reasons or proofs as to whether or not God exists. Anselm’s ontological argument, for example, claimed that â€Å"the very concept or definition of God entails God’s existence.† This argument however was not enough for Thomas Aquinas. â€Å"Not convinced that God’s existence can be proven merely by the perception of God, Aquinas believed that through the basis of evidence, God’s existence can be proven in the same way we prove other things exist.† Applying evidences that surround us, Aquinas came upShow MoreRelatedGod s Existence Of God936 Words   |  4 PagesNot Be Afraid to Explore More Than One Religion God’s existence sometimes does not exist to certain people. When it comes to the teaching and knowledge about God many people are not aware because they have never been taught about how God appeared on the earth. I choose this topic because I was one of those people who has never really been raised around certain religion nor about the teaching how God came to be. However, I have been taught that God does exist and that his son Jesus are the reason forRead MoreThe Debate Of God s Existence1671 Words   |  7 Pagestold to follow certain norms or otherwise the big guy upstairs will punish us for being â€Å"disobedient†. To many, â€Å"believing in God† is the only way to live, the reason for the way everything is, and it’s the meaning to life. To others, God, is just a popular view whose existence cannot be proven. While both Atheist and Agnostics agree on the questioning of God’s existence, they disagree on the reasoning of why thing are the way t hey are. Agnostics believe in a higher power while Atheists believe inRead MoreThe Argument Of God s Existence1737 Words   |  7 PagesEXPLANATION Does God exist? This question has been in debate for centuries with many opposing views, some arising from philosophers on the same side while others refute Gods existence altogether. However for this particular paper I will be taking the best explanations approach. What I mean by this is I do not have proof of God’s existence but the existence of God is the best explanation for the universe around me. With this statement in mind we will discuss arguments in support of God’s existence as wellRead MoreThe Belief Of God s Existence Essay2302 Words   |  10 Pagessound judgment formed through logic. The common belief of â€Å"seeing is believing† makes justifying why God does indeed exist hard for some people because how could a reasonable person believe in something that he or she cannot physically see? Although a person may not be able to physically see God, reason to believe in His existence still exists. It may even be seen as a leap of faith to believe tha t God exists without being able to physically see Him, yet it is a necessary jump to make. Having a higherRead MoreThe Question Of God s Existence1575 Words   |  7 PagesSusana Stewart Instructor: Dr. Michael McDowell Course: PHIL 201 Date: 12/13/2015 INTRODUCTION The question of God’s existence has been challenged by many philosophers and non-philosophers alike over the years. If I am honest with myself, during many hard times I have questioned Gods existence myself. Arguments that have been used to support the existence of a divine being includes; the cosmological argument and the theological argument. However, there are some who oppose these arguments and philosopherRead MoreThe Philosophy Of God s Existence1775 Words   |  8 PagesThe question of God’s existence, will, and manifestation, in some form or another, is one that has crossed the mind of virtually every person over 8,000 years and continues to be questioned and reinterpreted, and shaping our society as our answers to that question change over the years. Three of the most influential thinkers to attempt to define God, and God’s existence are David Hume (1711-1776), Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831). The beliefs of these philosophersRead MoreAnshelm ¬Ã‚ ¥s Proof of God ¬Ã‚ ¥s Existence1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe question about the existence of God or, more generally speaking, of a supernatural entity that steers the course of the world, is probably as old as humanity itself. Many great philosophers were concerned with this basic and yet so important question which remains to be a controversial issue to this day! In the following I will commit myself to the above-mentioned question by firstly reconstructing Anselm ´s proof of God ´s existence and secondly considering his position in the light of the critiqueRead MoreGod s Existence Of The Eternal Self Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesThe majority of Indian religions have a tendency to recognize the existence of Self (Radhakrishnan Moore, 1957). In Hindu culture, the persistent and abiding Self is known as Atman and identified with Brahman as Universe. Buddhism demonstrates a relative attitude to the Self which is recognized in many r eligions. The concept of rejecting Atman performs a meaningful role in the Buddhist philosophy. The doctrine of non-existence distinguished and named in Hindu as the an-Atman ignores the eternalRead MoreThe Argument For God s Existence And Nature2146 Words   |  9 PagesQuestion 2 In part IX of Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, Deamea, the orthodox Christian, confronts Philo’s skepticism towards the arguments for God’s existence and nature that have thus far be discussed. Deamea presents a version of the ontological argument that he believes should provide undeniable proof of the truths found in religious dogma. However, Philo is not convinced with this argument because of the nature of the argument. Philo describes Deamea’s ontological argument as anRead MoreDescartes Argument For God s Existence Of God Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper, I offer a reconstruction of Descartes argument for God’s existence in the Third Meditation. Descartes tries to prove the existence of God with an argument that proceeds from the clear and distinct idea of an infinite being to the existence of himself. He believes that his clear and distinct idea of an infinite being with infinite â€Å"objective reality† lea ds to the occurrence of the â€Å"Special Causal Principle†. I will start by discussing and analyzing Descartes clear and distinct idea

Auditing Services Free-Sample for Students-Myassingnmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Using the 30 September 2011 Trial Balance Calculate Planning Materiality and Include the Justification for the basis that you have used for your Calculation.2.Discuss the Ratios Indicating a Significant or an Unexpected Fluctuation. 3.Prepare a Common-Size Statement for the Balance Sheet of Cloud 9, use Total Assets as the basis for the Balance Sheet. Comment on any Audit Implications revealed by your statement.4.Which Specific Areas do you Believe should receive Special Emphasis during your Audit? Consider your discussion of the Analytical Procedures Results, Comments on the Common-Size Statement and as well as your preliminary estimate of Materiality. Answers: 1. As per the statement given in the ninth paragraph, the auditor should include the materiality during making the decisions based on audit procedure, extent, nature and timing. It has been further seen that the materiality needs to be taken into account for the various types of the effect, which is seen to be associated to the misstatement (Garg and Bawa 2016) . The 12th Paragraph of the ASA 320 provided the auditor whit the necessary information for the preliminary assessment of the materiality. It further considers both the qualitative and the quantitative aspects (Nawal Kasim and Zuraidah Mohd Sanusi 2013). Statement for Planning Materiality Particulars Amount (31-12-2011) Percentage (%) Planning Materiality PBT $ (3,315,804.00) 5% $ (165,790.20) Total Turnover $ 37,554,250.67 5% $ 1,877,712.53 Total Assets $ 24,100,296.00 0.50% $ 120,501.48 Equity $ 3,314,193.00 1% $ 33,141.93 Table 1: Materiality Planning (Source: Created by Author) The computations shown above are able to select the appropriate auditor. However, the company has incurred losses during the period and hence the level of materiality cannot be based on the PBT (Rikhardsson and Dull 2016). There have been several reasons identified to select the revenue for reflecting the proper data for the large organizations and showing their scale of operations in the materiality level. In the given case the materiality level has been able to be selected based on 5% of the turnover that comes to $1877712.53. This further shows that the auditor will be able to depict the misstatement, which is higher than the materiality level. On the contrary, in case the materiality is seen to be higher in compare to the selected procedures then the audit process will be state on the truth and assure fairness in the financial statement (Ye and Simunic 2013) 2.The various types of the analytical aspects of the study is able to show the financial information which are seen to be related to the non-financial and the financial data. It has been further seen that the various types of the considerations made in the report has been shown with the risk assessment based on the financial ratios(Messier 2014). Statement showing significant financial Ratios Particulars Formula 9/30/2011 12/31/2010 Liquidity Ratio Current Ratio Current Assets /Current Liability 2.02 1.38 Quick ratio (Current Assets- Inventory- prepaid Expenses) /Current Liability 1.38 0.97 Solvency Ratio Debt to Equity Ratio Debt/Equity 2.72 1.68 Times Interest earned Income before interest expenses/interest earned -1.77 2.91 Profitability Ratio Net Profit Ratio Net Profit/RevenueX100 -9% 3% ROE Net Profit/ Share holders Equity -0.75 0.18 Table 2: Significant financial Ratios (Source: Created by Author) The table shown above is able to show the relevant calculations, which are seen to be related to the different factors, associated to the depiction made in the financial statement of the company. The various types of the evaluation of the report has been seen to based on the different ratios shown in form of profitability ratio, solvency ratio and the liquidity ratios(Jans, Alles and Vasarhelyi 2013). The table shown above is able to determine the ability of the company to generate profit from the various types of the operations. It has been further seen that the company has been able to earn a positive net profit during 2010, while on the other hand it has incurred loss in 2011. The various types of the depictions made in the form of the financial statement has been further able to show that the company has been able to make the significant amount of the profit based on the various type the considerations made in form of the amount of profit earned by the investment made by the shareholders (Semer 2013). 3. Common Size Balance sheet Particulars 2010 Percentage 2011 Precentage Current Assets Cash $ 1,753,765.00 7% $ 245,965.00 1% Trade Rceivables $ 10,701,064.00 44% $ 10,552,109.00 44% Inventory $ 6,263,242.00 25% $ 5,924,156.00 25% Financial Assets $ 4,075,205.00 17% $ 4,469,759.00 19% Prepayment and other assets $ 666,054.00 3% $ 1,112,028.00 5% Total Current Assets $ 23,459,330.00 95% $ 22,304,017.00 93% Non Current Assets 0% PPE $ 852,965.00 3% $ 1,449,330.00 6% Deffered Tax Assets $ 277,559.00 1% $ 346,949.00 1% Total Non current Assets $ 1,130,524.00 5% $ 1,796,279.00 7% Total Assets $ 24,589,854.00 100% $ 24,100,296.00 100% Current Liabilities Payables $ 8,413,818.00 45% $ 10,323,185.00 50% Interest Bearing liability $ 8,240,091.00 44% $ 149,354.00 1% Current tax liability $ 207,893.00 1% $ 159,866.00 1% Provisions $ 189,015.00 1% $ 401,658.00 2% Total Current Liability $ 17,050,818.00 91% $ 11,034,063.00 53% Non Current Liability Deffered tax Liabilities $ 170,284.00 1% $ 198,647.00 1% Interest bearing liabilities $ 1,500,000.00 8% $ 8,872,482.00 43% Provisions $ 79,556.00 0% $ 680,911.00 3% Total Non Current liability $ 1,749,850.00 9% $ 9,752,040.00 47% Total Liabilities $ 18,800,668.00 100% $ 20,786,103.00 100% Net Assets $ 5,789,186.00 $ 3,314,193.00 Equity $ 5,448,026.00 94% $ 5,448,026.00 164% Reserves $ (259,498.00) -4% $ (247,638.00) -7% Accumulated Profit/ loss $ 600,658.00 10% $ (1,886,195.00) -57% Total Equity $ 5,789,186.00 100% $ 3,314,193.00 100% Table 3: Common Size Statement (Source: Created by Author) The depictions made in the table shown above has bee able to state the viability of the balance sheet of the company. It has been further seen that the common size of the statement has been able to measure the various types of the factors, which are seen to be based on the various considerations made in terms of 2% decrease in the noncurrent assets of the company from 2010 to 2011. The various type of the analysis made in noncurrent asset has shown an increase from 2010 to 2011. The various types the considerations made in the report is further able to show the different types of the factors of the evaluation has stated a decrease in the total current liability from 2010 to 2011(Hardy and Laslett 2015). On the contrary, it has been seen that the company has been able to show decreased proportion of the non-current liability from 2010 to 2011. The above table shows the areas in which the auditors need to make the necessary improvements (DeFond and Zhang 2014). 4.To Suzie Pickering, Audit Senior, RE: Problems areas and other concern Sir, The memorandum is aimed to show the material misstatement, which is present in the financial statement of the company. In the analysis process of the financial statement, it can be seen that the company has been able to increase the total revenue. This is identified as a positive development of the company. Despite of the increasing revenue, it can be seen that the overall profit of the company has declined. Based on the various analysis it can be discerned that the main reason for the decline in the profit has been identified that due to the increasing amount of the other expenses and the borrowing cost. It has been further seen that the expenses based on the ordinary activity has been seen to be related to the various types of the activity in terms of the by 42% and 23% respectively. Hence, it can be said that the audit procedure should provide special emphasis on the relevant area of expenses. It has been further seen that the auditor should be able to apply the appropriate method to determine the misstatement consistently. The evaluation of the overall depictions made in form of the increasing expenditure has been shown below as follows: Thanking You Regards Statement for Profit/Loss Particulars Amount Amount Amount Change % 12/31/2010 9/30/2011 12/31/2011 Revenue $ 34,300,042.00 $ 28,165,688.00 $ 37,554,250.67 9% Cost of Borrowings $ 748,106.00 $ 798,611.00 $ 1,064,814.67 42% Expenses from ordinary activity $ 32,122,122.00 $ 29,575,856.00 $ 39,434,474.67 23% PBIT $ 1,429,814.00 $ (2,208,779.00) $ (2,945,038.67) -306% IT Expenses $ 378,074.00 $ 278,074.00 $ 370,765.33 -2% Profit available to the members of the company $ 1,051,740.00 $ (2,486,853.00) $ (3,315,804.00) -415% Table 4: Statement of Income (Source: Created by Author) References DeFond, M. and Zhang, J. (2014) A review of archival auditing research, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(23), pp. 275326. doi: 10.1016/j.jacceco.2014.09.002. Garg, N. and Bawa, S. (2016) Comparative analysis of cloud data integrity auditing protocols, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, pp. 1732. doi: 10.1016/j.jnca.2016.03.010. Hardy, C. A. and Laslett, G. (2015) Continuous Auditing and Monitoring in Practice: Lessons from Metcashs Business Assurance Group, Journal of Information Systems, 29(2), pp. 183194. doi: 10.2308/isys-50969. Jans, M., Alles, M. and Vasarhelyi, M. (2013) The case for process mining in auditing: Sources of value added and areas of application, International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 14(1), pp. 120. doi: 10.1016/j.accinf.2012.06.015. Messier, W. F. (2014) An approach to learning risk-based auditing, Journal of Accounting Education, 32(3), pp. 276287. doi: 10.1016/j.jaccedu.2014.06.003. Nawal Kasim Zuraidah Mohd Sanusi (2013) Emerging issues for auditing in Islamic financial institutions?: empirical evidence from Malaysia, Journal of Business and Managment, 8(5), pp. 1017. doi: 10.9790/487X-0851017. Rikhardsson, P. and Dull, R. (2016) An exploratory study of the adoption, application and impacts of continuous auditing technologies in small businesses, International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 20, pp. 2637. doi: 10.1016/j.accinf.2016.01.003. Semer, L. (2013) Auditing the Byod Program., Internal Auditor, 70(1), pp. 2327. Available at: https://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=iihAN=85845555scope=site. Ye, M. and Simunic, D. A. (2013) The economics of setting auditing standards, Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(3), pp. 11911215. doi: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01191.x.

Filipino Poetry Flashcard

Filipino Poetry

Discuss the relationship between polyarchy, Essay Example

Discuss the relationship between polyarchy, Essay Example Discuss the relationship between polyarchy, Essay Discuss the relationship between polyarchy, Essay Discuss the relationship between polyarchy, pluralism, and democracy. Are they synonymous? Introduction Polyarchy, pluralism and democracy†¦ are they one and the same? Surely at that place would look to be a common yarn running through the three footings, but are they synonymous? This essay will see these inquiries. It starts by specifying what is meant by polyarchy, by pluralism and by democracy. In specifying each the essay will sketch the characteristics and features attributed to each in bend. It will so continue to analyze how polyarchy, pluralism and democracy are linked and it proposes that while they are non synonymous there is a clear relationship between the three. The essay will explicate what this relationship is, demoing how they are linked and placing what differentiates the three. The essay will reason with a sum-up of the cardinal proposal, that they are non synonymous, and the grounds why. Polyarchy The word ‘polyarchy’ is Grecian in beginning and literally taken agencies regulation by many, hence by definition it is the opposite to monarchy ( regulation by king or queen ) or oligarchy ( regulation by a few ) . In footings of modern political thought the term was foremost used by Robert Dahl in relation to the political system in America. There are seven establishments which must be for a authorities to be classed as a polyarchy. Dahl identifies the features of a polyarchy as follows ( 1989 ; 233 ) ; Control over governmental determinations about policy is constitutionally vested in elective functionaries. Elected functionaries are chosen and peacefully removed in comparatively frequent, just and free elections in which coercion is rather limited. Practically all grownups have the right to vote in these elections. Most grownups besides have the right to run for the public offices for which campaigners run in these elections. Citizens have an efficaciously enforced right to freedom of look, peculiarly political look, including unfavorable judgment of the functionaries, the behavior of the authorities, the prevalent political, economic, and societal system, and the dominant political orientation. They besides have entree to alternate beginnings of information that are non monopolized by the authorities or any other individual group. Finally, they have an efficaciously enforced right to organize and fall in independent associations, including political associations, such as political parties and involvement groups, that attempt to act upon the authorities by viing in elections and by other peaceable agencies. So for a Government to be classed as a polyarchy the above conditions must be present. The features that Dahl defines are all regulations about the manner in which the Government and the people it governs can work. Pluralism The actual significance of ‘plural’ means many, more than one, so pluralism agencies of many. Pluralism is about many thoughts, civilizations, beliefs, life styles or, in a word, diverseness. It is about the harmonious being of difference. Pluralism in this sense is one of the most of import characteristics of democratic society. It is the antonym of dictatorship, which proposes a individual belief system, no other beliefs are tolerated and of monism that there is merely one belief system. The rules upon which the Global Centre for Pluralism is founded encapsulates the importance of pluralism ‘that tolerance, openness and understanding towards the civilizations, societal constructions, values and religions of other peoples are now indispensable to the really endurance of an mutualist universe. Pluralism is no longer merely an plus or a requirement for advancement and development. It is critical to our existence.’ ( www.pluralism.ca ; 12/12/06 ) In footings of political idea there is a school which proposes that pluralism is concerned with groups and administrations being in control as opposed to the people. It could be argued that the United States of America is an illustration of pluralism with the influence of Trade Unions, civil rights militants, fiscal and concern anterooms, webs of like minded people. Pluralism places great importance on engagement in the political procedure through associations and groups. Democracy The word ‘democracy’ is Grecian and means ‘rule by the people’ . It is widely known that democracy is a signifier of authorities where the people have a say in how things are done. However it wasn’t until the Twentieth Century that democracy was seen as the best system of authorities. Political theoreticians give legion postulating definitions of democracy and there are many fluctuations ; broad, representative, minimum or direct democracy to call but a few of the fluctuations. In general when mentioning to democracy it is taken that it is a mention to broad democracy unless stated otherwise. While there are many fluctuations, they are fluctuations on a subject and all portion the same implicit in dogmas. For the intents of this essay a simple definition of the foundations of democratic idea will be taken. In drumhead democracy can be characterised as holding the followers ; Public engagement people have both a right and a responsibility to be active and knowing in both authorities and civil society this includes standing for/voting elections, fall ining civil and/or political administrations, paying revenue enhancements, protesting and petitioning. Government is accountable to the people for its actions and all actions must be crystalline, that is unfastened to public examination. To this terminal there are preventive steps to guarantee that functionaries and organic structures do non mistreat their power. Elections are regular, free and just and the result is accepted by the non-winning party. Principles of equality and tolerance – rights of the minorities are protected even though the bulk of the people regulation. Peoples are free to take part in civil, spiritual or political groups of their pick. Economic freedom – the Government does non command the economic system and people are allowed to ain concerns and belongings. Protection of Human Rights Multi-party system Rule of jurisprudence – everyone, with no exclusion, is bound by the jurisprudence. The relationship between Polyarchy, Pluralism and Democracy The seven features of polyarchy can be linked to the democratic procedure rather clearly. Dahl does this in Young et. Al. where he identifies five standards of democracy ( as tantrums with the sum-up in the subdivision above ) and so impute which of the seven establishments identified as defined in his 1989 bookDemocracy and it’s Criticsare necessary to guarantee that facet of democracy. Voting equality; elected functionaries and free and just elections. Effective engagement; elected functionaries, inclusive right to vote, right to run for office, freedom of look, alternate information, associational liberty. Enlightened apprehension; freedom of look, alternate information, associational liberty. Control of the docket; elected functionaries, free and just elections, inclusive right to vote, right to run for office, freedom of look, alternate information, associational liberty. Inclusion; inclusive right to vote, right to run for office, freedom of look, alternate information, associational liberty. ( Adapted from 1993:19 ) . This analysis shows that the chief dogmas of democracy are inextricably linked to the mechanisms of polyarchy. It is proposed that as democracy has grown so hold the mechanisms through which democracy can be managed and because of that the polyarchic system has emerged. Polyarchy is a political system necessary for the democratic procedure. Dahl in Young et. Al. provinces that ‘democracy on a big graduated table requires the establishments of polyarchy’ ( 1993:18 ) Democratic administration was originally over little countries and involved relatively fewer people. As democracy has grown, from the city state to the nation-state and now even exceeding national boundaries there has been a alteration in the patterns and establishments of democracy. The larger the figure of people the democratic country covers the greater the incidence of different thoughts, pluralism, and hence the greater the demand for the agencies in which, in order to allow everyone hold a say, the establishments – the machinery of democracy be developed in order for it to work. If we take for illustration a little administration, dwelling of five people, that maps based upon democratic rules where everyone has an equal say in how that administration is governed and in its hereafter. At a meeting it would be manageable for each of those persons to voice their sentiments and for all to be heard. If the administration grew to 500 people, in order to maintain the same democratic rules it would necessitate to present procedures through which all members could voice their sentiments if they wanted to. In order to make this some kind of representation would necessitate to be introduced. As Dahl compactly states in Young et. Al. ‘the alteration of graduated table and its effects – representative authorities, greater diverseness, the addition in cleavages and struggles – helped to convey about the development of a set of political establishments that, taken together, distinguish modern representative democracy from all other political systems, wh ether non-democratic governments or earlier democratic systems. This sort of political system has been called polyarchy.’ ( 1993 ; 17 ) Pluralism portions common evidences with democratic idea in the belief that everyone can and should take part in treatment and argument in order to hold the best class of action for the common good and that the best manner to get at determinations if through treatment. One of the features of a polyarchy is the being of big Numberss of societal groups and administrations which are, to a big extent, independent in relation to both the authorities and to one and another. These have come about due to people with different beliefs and thoughts organizing themselves into like-minded groups. Some pluralists propose that democracy is impracticable and unwanted. Peoples are excessively busy acquiring on with their lives to be bothered with political relations and that the groups should be representative but to discourse that would be to stray from the focal point of this essay. As the ideal of democracy has grown so has polyarchy and pluralism. Democracy when it foremost started was on a little footing and the ideal grew so did the people subscribing to it and therefore the ideas and thoughts of more people more different†¦ pluralism. The means through which this can be managed, polyarchy therefore besides grew to accommodate†¦ Pluralism is inextricable linked with both the growing of democracy and development of polyarchy. Laminitis of the Global Centre for Pluralism, Aga Khan, states that ‘we can non do the universe safe for democracy unless we besides make it safe for diversity.’ ( www.pluralism.ca ; 12/11/06 ) Decision The essay has defined polyarchy in footings of the machinery through which democracy can be carried out. In analyzing what is meant by pluralism it has shown that this is one of the most of import characteristics of democratic society in that it upholds rules of tolerance and diverseness, the harmonious being of a multiple of different thoughts and beliefs. It has shown that democracy is a signifier of authorities which places the people in power. Polyarchy has emerged as a response to the growing in democracy, as a practical solution as to how democracy can work. As democracy has spread is has to accommodate to let for the plurality of beliefs and thoughts, diverseness that forms a really of import portion of the democratic system where in a healthy democracy everyone has the right and is able to show their sentiment without fright of reprisal or recrimination. So while polyarchy, pluralism and democracy are inextricably linked, they are non synonymous ; Democracy is the steering ru le, pluralism the diverseness within the public of whom is governed and polyarchy the construction which has developed in response to the growing in the figure governed through democracy enabling the system to map. Bibliography Arblaster, A. ( 2002 )Democracy ( Concepts in the Social Sciences ) 3rdEdition, Buckingham ; Open University Press Crowder, G. ( 2004 )Isaiah Berlin: Autonomy, Pluralism and Liberalism,Cambridge ; Polity Press Connolly, W. E. ( 2005 )Pluralism,Durham NC: Duke University Press Dahl, R. A. ( 1967 )Pluralist Democracy in the United States: Conflict and Consent,Chicago ; Rand McNally. Dahl, R. A. ( 1989 )Democracy and its critics, Yale University Press Dahl, R. A. ( 2000 )On DemocracyYale University Press, Held, D. ( 1996 )Models of DemocracyStanford University Press, Prothro, J. W. and Grigg, C. M. ( May, 1960 ) , ‘Fundamental Principles of Democracy: Bases of Agreement and Disagreement’ in Journal of Politics, Vol. 22, No. 2 pp. 276-294 Young, R. et. Al. ( 1993 )Introducing Government, Manchester ; Manchester University Press. Web sites www.pluralism.ca Global Centre for Pluralism

Business research method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business research method - Essay Example There has largely been a relationship between the development of the social networks and the way it influences the spread of information to the different stakeholders. Based on the previous research, the writer has indicated that there is a positive relationship according to the given references between online marketing and customer loyalty. Customers as stated in the literature do participate in online branding and this helps them develop the knowledge of the product more than they would have done. Therefore there is a relationship clarified as to why the stated relationship should exist. Conceptual models can be made by a collection of other approaches apart from the one used by Jesse. These are: event driven process chain, the Joint Application Development, the place/ transition Net and state transition modeling. A literature review undertakes a collection of uses hence the advantages; first, it helps the researcher to see the full picture as seen from the perspective of other researchers. Secondly, it uncovers new evidence. Once undertaken, it helps review the areas that need further research. This is in line with a review of the existing literature and leaving room for further research. Thirdly, it encourages thinking that is very objective. By relating all the researches by other people, one is able to objectively think about many other issues related to the same matters under research. The joint application procedure is important in that it covers a wide range of other methods and therefore the information collected becomes very comprehensive. Its disadvantage however is that it is so wide that it cannot give very specific information needed for a given section of the piece of work. Moderating variables are the qualitative or quantitative variables that affect the relationship and direction in existence between the independent and